Interactions of toxic metals with fungi have long been of importance since metal toxicity still is the basis of many fungicidal preparations while in an environmental context, accelerating pollution of the natural environment has led to increased interest because of the sometimes dominant presence of fungi in metal-polluted habitats, the translocation of toxic metals and radionuclides to fruit bodies of edible higher fungi, and the significance of mycorrhizal fungi in the amelioration of metal phytotoxicity (Colpaert and Van Assche, 1987). Furthermore, the use of fungal (and other microbial) biomass for the detoxification of metal/radionuclide-containing industrial effluents is of biotechnological potential (Gadd, 1990, 1992a).

Interactions of fungip with toxic metals

The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.

Fungal biosorption — an alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewaters: a review

Many algae have immense capability to sorb metals, and there is considerable potential for using them to treat wastewaters. Metal sorption involves binding on the cell surface and to intracellular ligands. The adsorbed metal is several times greater than intracellular metal. Carboxyl group is most important for metal binding. Concentration of metal and biomass in solution, pH, temperature, cations, anions and metabolic stage of the organism affect metal sorption. Algae can effectively remove metals from multi-metal solutions. Dead cells sorb more metal than live cells. Various pretreatments enhance metal sorption capacity of algae. CaCl2 pretreatment is the most suitable and economic method for activation of algal biomass. Algal periphyton has great potential for removing metals from wastewaters. An immobilized or granulated biomass-filled column can be used for several sorption/desorption cycles with unaltered or slightly decreased metal removal. Langmuir and Freundlich models, commonly used for fitting sorption data, cannot precisely describe metal sorption since they ignore the effect of pH, biomass concentration, etc. For commercial application of algal technology for metal removal from wastewaters, emphasis should be given to: (i) selection of strains with high metal sorption capacity, (ii) adequate understanding of sorption mechanisms, (iii) development of low-cost methods for cell immobilization, (iv) development of better models for predicting metal sorption, (v) genetic manipulation of algae for increased number of surface groups or over expression of metal binding proteins, and (vi) economic feasibility.

Use of Algae for Removing Heavy Metal Ions From Wastewater: Progress and Prospects

Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra species: kinetics and equilibrium studies.

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0014-5793%2885%2980930-3

Simple and discrete isolation of an O2-evolving PS II reaction center complex retaining Mn and the extrinsic 33 kDa protein

Adsorption of metal ions on yeast cells at varied cell concentrations

A nephelometric immunoassay and a nephelometer therefore, characterized in that light is projected on a sample to-be-measured containing an antigen-antibody complex, that at least two light scattering intensities at different angles with respect to the incident light are measured, and that a true antigen concentration is discriminated by comparing the light scattering intensities.

Mitsuyoshi Yuasa

Papers

Simple and discrete isolation of an O2-evolving PS II reaction center complex retaining Mn and the extrinsic 33 kDa protein

Adsorption of metal ions on yeast cells at varied cell concentrations

Nephelometric immunoassay and nephelometer

Effects of NH4+ and Total Nitrogen Content in Culture Medium on Shoot Regeneration from Calli in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Nephelometrisches immunbestimmungsverfahren und nephelometer