A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad Hoc network

A survey on vehicular cloud computing

With the rapid development of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicular communication networks have been widely studied in recent years. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) can provide efficient real-time information exchange among vehicles without the need of pervasive roadside communication infrastructure. Although mobile cellular networks are capable of providing wide coverage for vehicular users, the requirements of services that require stringent real-time safety cannot always be guaranteed by cellular networks. Therefore, the Heterogeneous Vehicular NETwork (HetVNET), which integrates cellular networks with DSRC, is a potential solution for meeting the communication requirements of the ITS. Although there are a plethora of reported studies on either DSRC or cellular networks, joint research of these two areas is still at its infancy. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on recent wireless networks techniques applied to HetVNETs. Firstly, the requirements and use cases of safety and non-safety services are summarized and compared. Consequently, a HetVNET framework that utilizes a variety of wireless networking techniques is presented, followed by the descriptions of various applications for some typical scenarios. Building such HetVNETs requires a deep understanding of heterogeneity and its associated challenges. Thus, major challenges and solutions that are related to both the Medium Access Control (MAC) and network layers in HetVNETs are studied and discussed in detail. Finally, we outline open issues that help to identify new research directions in HetVNETs.

Heterogeneous Vehicular Networking: A Survey on Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Today, vehicles are increasingly being connected to the Internet of Things which enable them to provide ubiquitous access to information to drivers and passengers while on the move. However, as the number of connected vehicles keeps increasing, new requirements (such as seamless, secure, robust, scalable information exchange among vehicles, humans, and roadside infrastructures) of vehicular networks are emerging. In this context, the original concept of vehicular ad-hoc networks is being transformed into a new concept called the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). We discuss the benefits of IoV along with recent industry standards developed to promote its implementation. We further present recently proposed communication protocols to enable the seamless integration and operation of the IoV. Finally, we present future research directions of IoV that require further consideration from the vehicular research community.

Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, Protocols, and Security

Internet of Things is smartly changing various existing research areas into new themes, including smart health, smart home, smart industry, and smart transport. Relying on the basis of “smart transport,” Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is evolving as a new theme of research and development from vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). This paper presents a comprehensive framework of IoV with emphasis on layered architecture, protocol stack, network model, challenges, and future aspects. Specifically, following the background on the evolution of VANETs and motivation on IoV an overview of IoV is presented as the heterogeneous vehicular networks. The IoV includes five types of vehicular communications, namely, vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside, vehicle-to-infrastructure of cellular networks, vehicle-to-personal devices, and vehicle-to-sensors. A five layered architecture of IoV is proposed considering functionalities and representations of each layer. A protocol stack for the layered architecture is structured considering management, operational, and security planes. A network model of IoV is proposed based on the three network elements, including cloud, connection, and client. The benefits of the design and development of IoV are highlighted by performing a qualitative comparison between IoV and VANETs. Finally, the challenges ahead for realizing IoV are discussed and future aspects of IoV are envisioned.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/145531/1/3ecec2a2f6e38b0824ccca63f66259e9.pdf

Internet of Vehicles: Motivation, Layered Architecture, Network Model, Challenges, and Future Aspects

Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANET) emerged as a subset of the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) application; it is considered to be a substantial approach to the ITS (Intelligent Transportation System). VANETs were introduced to support drivers and improve safety issues and driving comfort, as a step towards constructing a safer, cleaner and more intelligent environment. At the present time vehicles are equipped with a number of sensors and devices, including On Board Units (OBU); this enables vehicles to sense situations affecting other vehicles and manage communications, by exploiting infrastructures such as the Road Side Unit (RSU); creating a Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) pathway, or interacting directly with other vehicles creating a Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) pathway. Owing to the lack of infrastructures and difficulties involved in providing comprehensive coverage for all roads because of the high expense associated with installation, the investigation in this research concentrates on the V2V communication type rather than theV2I communication type. Many challenges have emerged in VANET, encouraging researchers to investigate their research in an attempt to meet these challenges. Routing protocol issues are considered to be a critical dilemma that needs to be tackled in VANET, particularly in a sparse environment, by designing an efficient routing mechanism that impacts on enhancing network performance in terms of disseminating messages to a desired

Directional Routing Techniques in VANET

With vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) being considered a vital application of Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET), this paper will focus on exploiting the aspect of context aware system to leverage the efficiency of routing protocols in VANET. Our investigation will concentrate on the vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication type rather than the vehicle to Infrastructures (V2I) type, owing to the lack of infrastructures and difficulties involved in providing a comprehensive covering for all roads because of the high expense of installation. Many challenges (e.g. routing issues and security) have emerged in this area, encouraging many researchers to investigate their research in attempting to meet these challenges. Routing protocols are considered as one of the critical dilemmas that need to be tackled; designing an efficient routing mechanism has an impact on enhancing the network performance in terms of disseminating messages to its desired destination. Thus we concentrate in this paper on dealing with the routing issues particularly in minimising overhead and bandwidth consumptions, which in turn will lead to effects on the time delay of packet dissemination. To do this, we introduce a novel technique and architecture that organises the broadcast process of HELLO beacon message by sending these messages according to the circumstances of each vehicle in the network, for instance changing a vehicle's direction and exceeding a predefined range of speed, which has an impact on changing the network topology in the road.

Context aware architecture for sending adaptive HELLO messages in VANET

Driver behaviour has been considered one of the main factors that contribute to increase fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, traffic accidents and causalities. Thus, the concept of detecting and classifying driver behaviour i s vital when tackling these challenges. Recognition of the driver behaviour is a difficult task as in the real-world, the driving behaviour is effected by many factors e.g. traffic, road conditions, duration of the journey etc. Many approaches have considered the use of Computational Intelligence techniques, to develop a driver behaviour detection system. In this paper we concentrate on the impact of driver behaviour on the energy consumption and thereby on the range of electric vehicles. A new architecture is proposed to show how computational intelligence techniques could interact with the contextual information collected from the vehicle, the driver and external environment. A neural network model is used to classify the driver behaviour, and then this classification is used in a fuzzy logic controller to make balanced managements to the range extender operation.

Range extended for electric vehicle based on driver behaviour

http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~fsiewe/papers/moath-siewe-2012.pdf

Moath Muayad Al-Doori

Papers

A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad Hoc network

Directional Routing Techniques in VANET

Context aware architecture for sending adaptive HELLO messages in VANET

Range extended for electric vehicle based on driver behaviour

VSHDRP: Vehicle Second Heading Direction Routing Protocol in VANET