At the end of the class, students will be able to answer the following questions: • What is organic agriculture? • Where do I go to get certification in organic agriculture? • How can I get more information about organic agriculture? What is organic? • The term " organic " is not synonymous to the terms " natural " or " eco-friendly. " • The label " natural " on foodstuff does not guarantee complete adherence to organic practices as defined by a law. • Produce food of high quality in sufficient quantity • Maintain biological diversity within the farming system • Maintain long-term soil fertility • Rely on renewable resources in locally organized agricultural systems • Minimize pollution and protect the environment What is allowed in organic crop production? • New varieties of crops and agricultural technologies • Crop rotations, cover crops and natural-based products that maintain soil fertility • Biological, cultural and physical methods to limit pest expansion and increase population of beneficial insects

英国有机农业（Organic farming）的新举措

The solid-liquid interface reaction between phosphate rock (PR) and metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) was studied. Phosphate rock has the highest affinity for Pb, followed by Cu and Zn, with sorption capacities of 138, 114, and 83.2 mmol/kg PR, respectively. In the Pb-Cu-Zn ternary system, competitive metal sorption occurred with sorption capacity reduction of 15.2%, 48.3%, and 75.6% for Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively compared to the mono-metal systems. A fractional factorial design showed the interfering effect in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn. Desorption of Cu and Zn was sensitive to pH change, increasing with pH decline, whereas Pb desorption was decreased with a strongly acidic TCLP extracting solution (pH = 2.93). The greatest stability of Pb retention by PR can be attributed to the formation of insoluble fluoropyromorphite [Pb(10)(PO(4))(6)F(2)], which was primarily responsible for Pb immobilization (up to 78.3%), with less contribution from the surface adsorption or complexation (21.7%), compared to 74.5% for Cu and 95.7% for Zn. Solution pH reduction during metal retention and flow calorimetry analysis both supported the hypothesis of retention of Pb, Cu, and Zn by surface adsorption or complexation. Flow calorimetry indicated that Pb and Cu adsorption onto PR was exothermic, while Zn sorption was endothermic. Our research demonstrated that PR can effectively remove Pb from solutions, even in the presence of other heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Zn).

https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=ersc_fac

Understanding the Mechanisms of Lead, Copper, and Zinc Retention by Phosphate Rock

Hazardous heavy metals contamination of vegetables and food chain: Role of sustainable remediation approaches - A review

Potassium solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are able to dissolve K from K-minerals and enhance plant growth and yield. A field experiment was carried out during 2017/2018–2018/2019 growing seasons in a r...

Effect of potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus cereus) on growth and yield of potato

Enrichment of soils with organic amendments could increase the content of available nutrients, improve soil chemical characteristics and increase plant growth. In the current pots experiment, the i...

Effect of some organic amendments on barley plants under saline condition

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plant is a valuable medicinal crop in arid and semi-arid regions. The use of microbes as bio-fertilizers in enhancing crop production is more favorable than...

Evaluation of quality and growth of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as affected by bio-fertilizers

Environmental pollution and high costs of mineral fertilization have impelled scientists and farmers to use environmentally friendly fertilizers. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect ...

Comparison between organic and inorganic nutrition for tomato

2 Abstract: A field experiment in a split-plot design with four replications was conducted on a silty loam soil located at the experimental farm, Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt, during two growing winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of organic, bio-fertilizers and irrigation intervals on wheat plant growth and grain yield.The irrigation intervals (every 15, 25 and 45 days) were arranged in main plots whereas, other treatments of organic compost (Compost Tea, CT, 150 l fed. and Potassium Humate, KH, 1 NPK fertilizers were used in the sub plots. The results indicated that the irrigation interval positively affected wheat yield and its component. Irrigating wheat plants every 15 days produced the highest values of plant height, biological yield, 1000-grain weight as well as grain and straw yields (ton/fed.) and water consumptive use (WCU). However, the irrigation every 45 days gave the highest value of grain protein content. Moreover, wheat plants irrigated every 45 days increased the soil organic matter content (SOM) and the cation exchange capacity of the soil (CEC). Organic compost and bio-fertilizer positively affect wheat yield and its component. EM + CT treatment gave the highest values of biological yield, 1000-grain weight as well as grain and straw yields (ton/fed.). While, EM + KH treatment recorded the highest value of plant height. Moreover, KH treatment recorded the highest value of grain protein content. Interaction of irrigation intervals and fertilizers positively affected wheat yield and its component.

/pdf/impact-of-organic-manure-bio-fertilizer-and-irrigation-2z7un1pyv7.pdf

Impact of Organic Manure, Bio-Fertilizer and Irrigation Intervals on Wheat Growth and Grain Yield

In order to conduct meaningful performance analysis of routing algorithms in the context of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), it is essential that the underlying mobility model on which the simulation is based reflects realistic mobility behavior In this paper, the most widely known ad hoc routing protocols will be simulated in our proposed real simulation environment to figure out the effect of real environmental simulation on ad hoc routing protocols and to show the robustness of current simulation output results

Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in Real Simulation Environments

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the rock phosphate application on accumulation and translocation of heavy metals from the soil to the roots, shoots and fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in a sewage sludge amended soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Ni were 30, 30 and 60 mgkg-1, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the sewage sludge application caused a significance accumulation of metals in the fruits of eggplant. The concentrations of these metals in the fruits were in the order of: Pb > Cd > Ni. The fruits of eggplant were not safe for the human consumption, because the levels of heavy metals exceeded the permissible limits. These, heavy metals in different parts of eggplant can be ranked in the order of: roots > shoots > fruits, were (mgkg-1). The soil-plant transfer factor (TF) showed that the order of uptake of metals by eggplant was: Cd > Ni > Pb. This calls for concern especially in the case of Pb and Cd which are highly toxic and of no known biological use. Therefore, Eggplant should not be cultivated in the farms and fields which use sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals as an amendment.

/pdf/accumulation-and-translocation-of-heavy-metals-in-eggplant-4qrxkwhs0k.pdf

Mohamed Ahmed Youssef

Papers

Evaluation of quality and growth of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as affected by bio-fertilizers

Comparison between organic and inorganic nutrition for tomato

Impact of Organic Manure, Bio-Fertilizer and Irrigation Intervals on Wheat Growth and Grain Yield

Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in Real Simulation Environments

Accumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L. ) Grown in a Contaminated Soil