In this context, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of GA3 on water status, dry matter partitioning, yield traits, seed production and quality of traits mungbean varieties. Two varieties (BARI Mung-6 and BARI Mung-8), and four doses of GA3 (0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm) were used in this experiment. The result of relative water content (water status in plant) in leaves was influenced by the foliar application of GA3, and the highest value was obtained with the 200 ppm of GA3. The variety BARI Mung-8 maintained better water content in plants than BARI Mung-6 under GA3 treatments. Biomass weight in different plant organs i.e. fresh and dry weights of leaves, petioles, stems and roots were increased with the foliar spraying of GA3, and the increment was mountained at 200 ppm GA3 levels, and thereafter decreased. GA3 induced higher partitioning of biomass in different plant parts of BARI Mung-8 than that of BARI Mung-6. Yield contributing traits like plant height (cm), number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1, pod length (cm), and 100 grain weight (g) were also reacted positively by the application of GA3 in both varieties in this study, and BARI Mung-8 was more responsive to GA3 than BARI Mung-6. Yield contributing traits reflect the grain yield (tha-1), stover yield (tha-1) and harvest index (%), and spraying of GA3 increased those traits in both varieties as well as due to the ultimate consequence of yield traits. The results of yield and harvest index of BARI Mung-8 were superior to BARI Mung-6 under GA3 treatments. Application of GA3 @ 200 ppm significantly produced the highest aforesaid yield traits, yield and harvest index of mungbean varieties among the different concentration of GA3. Considering the quality traits, GA3 positively influenced on nitrogen and protein content in grains and spraying of 200 ppm was found more profound among all treatments. Therefore, BARI Mung-6 and BARI Mung-8 can be grown with the foliar sparing of 200 ppm GA3 (before and after flowering) for obtaining higher yield and grain protein content, and BARI Mung-8 should be selected

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Responses of Water and Pigments Status, Dry Matter Partitioning, Seed Production, and Traits of Yield and Quality to Foliar Application of GA3 in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

The role of benzoic acid, gallic acid and salicylic acid in protecting tomato callus cells from excessive boron stress

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an irreplaceable strategy for commercial exploitation of heterosis and producing high-yielding hybrid rice. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators could improve outcrossing rates of the CMS lines by affecting floral traits and accordingly increase hybrid rice seed production. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on promoting floral traits and outcrossing rates in diverse rice CMS lines and improving hybrid rice seed production. The impact of foliar applications of growth regulators comprising GA3 at 300 g/ha or GA3 at 150 g/ha + IAA at 50 g/ha + NAA at 200 g/ha versus untreated control was investigated on floral, growth, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines. The exogenously sprayed growth regulators, in particular, the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines. Moreover, the evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits. L2, L3, and L1 displayed the uppermost spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma length, style length, stigma brush, and stigma width. In addition, these CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T3. Consequently, exogenous application of GA3, IAA, and NAA could be exploited to improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS lines such as L2, L3, and L1, hence increasing outcrossing rates and hybrid rice seed production.

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Growth Regulators Improve Outcrossing Rate of Diverse Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines through Affecting Floral Traits

The genus Streptomyces is the most abundant and essential microbes in the soil microbial community. Streptomyces are familiar and have great potential to produce a large variety of bioactive compounds. This genus considers an efficient biofertilizer based on its plant growth-promoting activities. Based on their ability to produce a wide varieties of bioactive molecules, the present study aimed to explore the potential plant growth promotion of four Streptomyces strains and their role in enhancing cucumber growth and yield under greenhouse conditions. Streptomyces sp. strain HM2, Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3, Streptomyces sp. strain HM8, and Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 were chosen for the current study. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) features, i.e., indole acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore excretion, and solubilizing phosphate, were evaluated in vitro. All four strains produced IAA, siderophore, and immobilized inorganic phosphate. Following 4 days of incubation at 30 °C, strains HM2, HM3, HM8, and HM10 produced copious amounts of IAA (18, 22, 62, and 146 µg/mL, respectively) and siderophores (42.59, 40.01, 16.84, 64.14% SU, respectively). At the same time, P solubilization efficacy scored 64.3%, 84.4%, 57.2%, and 81.6% with the same frequency. During in planta evaluation, selected Streptomyces strains combined with rock phosphate were assessed as biofertilizers on the growth and yield of cucumber plants. Under all treatments, positive and significant differences in studied traits were manifested except dry stem matter (SDM), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and fruit firmness (FF). Treatment T4 (rock phosphate + strain HM3) followed by T5 (rock phosphate + strain HM8) revealed the best results for plant height (PH), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), root length (RL), number of fruits per plant (NFPP), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), fruit fresh weight per plant (FFWPP), soil P (SP) after 21 DAT, and soil P at the end of the experiment. Notably, T6 (rock phosphate + strain HM10) caused a considerable increase in leaf area (LA). Plant growth-promoting bacteria enhance plant growth and yield through phosphorus solubilizing, improve nutrient availability, produce phytohormones, and support plant growth under abiotic stress. These features are important for sustainable agriculture and reducing environmental pollution with chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

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Exploring the Plant Growth-Promotion of Four Streptomyces Strains from Rhizosphere Soil to Enhance Cucumber Growth and Yield

Effect of IAA and BAP application in varying concentration on seed yield and oil quality of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass

Two field experiments were carried out in Researches and Production Station of National Research Centre, Al-Nubaria District, Al Behaira Governorate, Egypt. To study the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and /or gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield, and chemical composition of mungbean seeds, different concentrations of IAA and/or GA3 were used. Results indicated that all treatments caused significant increases in morphological criteria, biochemical parameters, and yield of mungbean plants. IAA or GA3 with 50 mg/l concentration recorded the best values growth photosynthetic pigments, as well as, endogenous auxins, GA3, and cytokinins. Interaction of IAA 50 mg/l + GA3 50 mg/l gave the most effective treatment. The superiority of treatment IAA 50 mg/l, GA3 50 mg/l, and interaction of IAA 50 mg/l + GA3 50 mg/l recorded the same trend due to yield and yield components in characters’ plant height, pods no./plant, pods weight/plant, seeds no./pod, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield, total carbohydrates, protein in seeds (%), and N in seeds (%). It could be concluded that foliar spray of 50 mg/l IAA + 50 mg/l GA3 was the most effective treatment on increasing growth and yield of mungbean.

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Improving quality and quantity of mungbean plant via foliar application of plant growth regulators in sandy soil conditions

Phenolic compounds are low molecular compounds present in all tissues of higher plants and play an important role in plant development. A field experiment was carried out during two winter seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to compare the role of benzoic, t-cinnamic, or salicylic acids on some growth and biochemical parameters as well as the seed yield of three flax cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions. Results show the superiority of Blanka cultivar in some growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), phenolic contents, seed yield, and some yield components. Application of different phenolic acids enhanced growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, IAA, phenolic contents, seed yield, and yield components as well as oil and carbohydrate percentages in the yielded seeds. Salicylic acid was the most efficient phenolic acids in increasing most of the studied growth and yield parameters via improving various studied biochemical parameters, where salicylic acid at 100 mg/l was the most effective treatment on the three tested cultivars.

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Comparative studies on the role of benzoic, t-cinnamic, and salicylic acids on growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of three flax cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions

Synergistic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Mung Bean Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions

In Egypt, the area of Berseem was decreased and wheat area increased which lead to high price of rabbit rations. Using non-traditional feed led to decrease the cost of feeding. The main objective of this study is to replace 50% of Berseem hay (BH) of rabbit rations by agriculture by-products such as Mung bean husks (MBH), soybean vein hay (SBVH), or peanut vein hay (PVH). Twenty-four New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 5–6 weeks (584 ± 25 g) were randomly divided into four equal experimental groups. Feeding trial lasted 70 days. Except for organic matter (OM) digestibility, treatments had no effect on all other nutrient digestibilites that includes dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen free extract (NFE) and nutritive values {total digestible nutrient (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP)}. Instead, 50% of BH by the other alternative source of agriculture by-products had no effect on all carcass parameters measured. However, dressing percentages was improved. Treatments had no effect on albumin, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase. It can be instead 50% of hay used in rabbit rations with alternative sources of roughage, such as Mung bean husks, soybean vein hay, or peanut vein hay, without any adverse effect on their performance, digestion, carcass characteristics, and blood constituents.

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Incorporation field crop residues in rabbit rations

Two experiments in cemented plots were carried out during 2012 and 2013 summer seasons at ‎Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of ‎irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2.75, 5.5 dS/m) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 ‎ppm) on growth, grain yield, and yield components of Maize. Split plot with four replicates was ‎the experimental design. The results revealed that at mid-season, irrigation with saline water ‎significantly decreased plant height (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). ‎However, number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not ‎significantly affected. Also, at mid-season foliar spraying with salicylic acid significantly ‎increased plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). However, plant height (cm), number of ‎leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. At end-‎season irrigation with saline water significantly decreased ear height (cm), ear weight (g), number ‎of grains/row, 100 kernel weight (g), grain yield (g/plot), biological yield (g/plot), straw yield ‎‎(g/plot), and harvest index while number of rows/ear was not significantly affected. Also, at end-‎season foliar application of salicylic acid significantly increased all the studied parameters except ‎for ear height (cm), number of rows/ear, and harvest index. The interaction between salinity and ‎salicylic acid was not significant for all the studied parameters except for grain yield meaning ‎that every factor is acting independently from each other. In conclusion, salicylic acid could be ‎used as an antioxidants or potential growth regulator to improve corn growth and grain yield ‎under salinity conditions.‎

https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1366_9f4861f4d68f6672c7aed707a1922df0.pdf

Mohamed Farouk El Karamany

Papers

Improving quality and quantity of mungbean plant via foliar application of plant growth regulators in sandy soil conditions

Comparative studies on the role of benzoic, t-cinnamic, and salicylic acids on growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of three flax cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions

Synergistic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Mung Bean Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions

Incorporation field crop residues in rabbit rations

Alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on Maize by the ameliorative effect of salicylic acid