A compact tree shape planar quad element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna bearing a wide bandwidth for 5G communication operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum is proposed The radiating element of the proposed design contains four different arcs to achieve the wide bandwidth response Each radiating element is backed by a 157 mm thicker Rogers-5880 substrate material, having a loss tangent and relative dielectric constant of 00009 and 22, respectively The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system based on 10 dB criterion is from 23 GHz to 40 GHz with a port isolation of greater than 20 dB The measured radiation patterns are presented at 28 GHz, 33 GHz and 38 GHz with a maximum total gain of 1058, 887 and 1145 dB, respectively The high gain of the proposed antenna further helps to overcome the atmospheric attenuations faced by the higher frequencies In addition, the measured total efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna is observed above 70% for the millimeter wave frequencies Furthermore, the MIMO key performance metrics such as Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are analyzed and found to conform to the required standard of MEG < 3 dB and ECC < 05 A prototype of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system is fabricated and measured The experimental results validate the simulation design process conducted with Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/6/1031/pdf

A Novel High Gain Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

This paper presented the design and implementation of a 60 GHz single element monopole antenna as well as a two-element array made of two 60 GHz monopole antennas. The proposed antenna array was used for 5G applications with radiation characteristics that conformed to the requirements of wireless communication systems. The proposed single element was designed and optimized to work at 60 GHz with a bandwidth of 6.6 GHz (57.2–63.8 GHz) and a maximum gain of 11.6 dB. The design was optimized by double T-shaped structures that were added in the rectangular slots, as well as two external stubs in order to achieve a highly directed radiation pattern. Moreover, ring and circular slots were made in the partial ground plane at an optimized distance as a defected ground structure (DGS) to improve the impedance bandwidth in the desired band. The two-element array was fed by a feed network, thus improving both the impedance bandwidth and gain. The single element and array were fabricated, and the measured and simulated results mimicked each other in both return loss and antenna gain.

A Novel High Gain Monopole Antenna Array for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Communications

This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for millimeter-wave 5G wireless communication services. The proposed MIMO configuration is composed of four antenna elements, where each antenna possesses an HP-shaped configuration that features simple configuration and excellent performance. The proposed MIMO design can operate at a very wideband of 36.83–40.0 GHz (measured). Furthermore, the proposed MIMO antenna attains a peak gain of 6.5 dB with a maximum element-isolation of −45 dB. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain, and channel capacity (CCL) are analyzed, which demonstrate good characteristics across the operating band. The proposed antenna radiates efficiently with a radiation efficiency of above 80% at the desired frequency band which makes it a potential contender for the upcoming communication applications. The proposed design simulations were performed in the computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one.

Compact Quad-Element High-Isolation Wideband MIMO Antenna for mm-Wave Applications

In this work, a new Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with a novel shape inspired by nature is proposed for Fifth-Generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna is designed on a Rogers 5880. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is assumed to be 0.0009. The gain of the system for the desired bandwidth is nearly 8 dB. The simulated and the measured efficiency of the proposed system is 95% and 80%, respectively. To demonstrate the capability of the system as a potential candidate for future 5G communication devices, MIMO key performance parameters such as the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) are computed. It is found that the proposed system has low ECC, constant DG, and high efficiency for the desired bandwidth.

/pdf/nature-inspired-mimo-antenna-system-for-future-mmwave-2gpnooebfi.pdf

Nature Inspired MIMO Antenna System for Future mmWave Technologies.

This paper presents a design of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. The proposed MIMO configuration consists of a two antenna arrays combination. Each antenna array consists of four elements which are arranged in an even manner, while two arrays are then assembled with a 90-degree shift with respect to each other. The substrate used is a 0.254 mm thick Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009, correspondingly. The proposed MIMO antenna array covers the 37 GHz frequency band, dedicated for 5G millimeter-wave communication applications. The proposed antenna element yields a gain of 6.84 dB, which is enhanced up to 12.8 dB by adopting a four elements array configuration. The proposed MIMO antenna array performance metrics, such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), are observed, which are found to be under the standard threshold. More than 85% of the radiation efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna array is observed to be within the desired operating frequency band. All the proposed designs are simulated in computer simulation technology (CST) software. Furthermore, the measurements are carried out for the proposed MIMO antenna array, where a good agreement with simulated results is observed. Thus, the proposed design can be a potential candidate for 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.

/pdf/design-of-a-millimeter-wave-mimo-antenna-array-for-5g-27tzsliw.pdf

Design of a Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals

A compact dual-frequency ( 38 / 60 GHz ) microstrip patch antenna with novel design is proposed for 5G mobile handsets to combine complicated radiation mechanisms for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is composed of two electromagnetically coupled patches. The first patch is directly fed by a microstrip line and is mainly responsible for radiation in the lower band ( 38 GHz ). The second patch is fed through both capacitive and inductive coupling to the first patch and is mainly responsible for radiation in the upper frequency band ( 60 GHz ). Numerical and experimental results show good performance regarding return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency, and gain. The impedance matching bandwidths achieved in the 38 GHz and 60 GHz bands are about 2 GHz and 3.2 GHz , respectively. The minimum value of the return loss is − 42 dB for the 38 GHz band and − 47 for the 60 GHz band. Radiation patterns are omnidirectional with a balloon-like shape for both bands, which makes the proposed single antenna an excellent candidate for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system constructed from a number of properly allocated elements for 5G mobile communications with excellent diversity schemes. Numerical comparisons show that the proposed antenna is superior to other published designs.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2541/pdf

A Novel Dual-Band (38/60 GHz) Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile Handsets

As the number of users and the demand for wireless services increases, a wider coverage area and higher transmission quality are needed. Focusing the antenna radiation pattern towards the desired signal while rejecting the unwanted (interferer) signals, to provide greater coverage area and capacity improvement, can be achieved using smart antenna systems. First, the directions of arrival (DOA) of all received signals, from each element of the antenna array, are determined by using digital signal processing (DSP). Then the excitation coefficients (amplitudes and phases) of the signals are adjusted to produce a radiation pattern that focuses on the desired signal while tuning out any interferer signals. Many algorithms on the adaptive and DOA algorithms are investigated. In this paper, a smart antenna system is proposed to steer nulls at the interferer signals while maintain the main lobe (ML) direction at the desired signal. The proposed system performance is investigated by plotting the overall pattern of the adaptive array. Satisfactory and accepted results are obtained in all simulated examples.

Mohamed M. M. Omar

Papers

A Novel Dual-Band (38/60 GHz) Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile Handsets

Suppressing the Antenna Pattern at Interferer Signals using a Smart Antenna System