Mobility based network lifetime in wireless sensor networks: A review

The clusters number optimization problem is a problem that still requires continuous research so that the information produced can be a consideration. Cluster evaluation techniques with Sum of Square Error (SSE) and Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) are techniques that can evaluate the number of clusters from a data test. Research with these two techniques utilizes Stunting data from a number of regions in Indonesia. The result is information on stunting data which is formed from the optimal number of clusters where the largest SSE is formed at k = 5 and the smallest DBI is formed at k = 5, with values of 23.403 and 1,178 respectively. Changes in the number of clusters also influence the information produced and DBI is proven to produce optimal number of clusters that contain information with a better pattern because it has a small intra-cluster value. It is expected that the results of this study can show the performance of the two evaluation techniques in producing the optimal number of clusters so that grouping information is in accordance with the expected pattern.

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Optimasi Cluster Pada Data Stunting: Teknik Evaluasi Cluster Sum of Square Error dan Davies Bouldin Index

Increasingly emerging technologies in micro-electromechanical systems and wireless communications allows a mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSN) to be a more and more powerful mean in many applications such as habitat and environmental monitoring, traffic observing, battlefield surveillance, smart homes and smart cities. Nevertheless, due to sensor battery constraints, energy-efficiently operating a MWSN is paramount importance in those applications; and a plethora of approaches have been proposed to elongate the network longevity at most possible. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review on the developed methods that exploit mobility of sensor nodes and/or sink(s) to effectively maximize the lifetime of a MWSN. The survey systematically classifies the algorithms into categories where the MWSN is equipped with mobile sensor nodes, one mobile sink or multiple mobile sinks. How to drive the mobile sink(s) for energy efficiency in the network is also fully reviewed and reported.

Optimasi jumlah cluster diperlukan untuk memastikan kebijakan yang dapat diambil terkait hasil pengelompokkan, termasuk memastikan kelompok wilayah dengan status ODP, PDP dan Positif Covid-19 di provinsi Riau. Pengelompokkan berdasarkan status pasien perlu dilakukan untuk menentukan tindakan pencegahan yang mungkin dapat diambil pemerintah. Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) merupakan teknik evaluasi cluster yang dapat digunakan pada algoritma clustering dengan pengukuran jarak Euclidean dan Manhattan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kinerja terbaik DBI pada kedua pengukuran jarak tersebut melalui pengujian data sebaran Covid-19 wilayah Riau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DBI terendah terdapat pada k=8 untuk Euclidean dan k=7 untuk Manhattan dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 0,394 dan 0,434. Selain itu, DBI bekerja lebih baik pada Euclidean dibandingkan Manhattan karena memiliki nilai DBI lebih rendah pada semua k uji

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Perbandingan Euclidean dan Manhattan Untuk Optimasi Cluster Menggunakan Davies Bouldin Index: Status Covid-19 Wilayah Riau

Nowadays, the Internet of Vehicle around the road among the smart city's development. This platform relayed on the Internet of Things. The vehicle has a relationship to the primaries (Vehicle, RSU, Backhaul, and Cell tower), cloud, architecture, protocol, and macro connections. The proposed paper is VANET based target tracking clustering for significant topology changes in vehicle and vehicle affinities establishments. Numerous cluster lead can use to establish and maintains inter, intra-cluster connection for either local or global and both. Especially cluster gateways, heads, members can propagate data among themselves and maintains the affinity between the clusters.

Internet of Vehicle: Effects of Target Tracking Cluster Routing in Vehicle Network

L’irrégularité des pluies ainsi que les fortes températures sont des facteurs limitant la croissance des espèces végétales qui vivent dans les zones arides en Algérie, ce qui a pour conséquence une réduction du couvert végétale, favorisant ainsi la désertification. La plantation d’espèces résistantes à la sécheresse présente un avantage certain dans le repeuplement de ces zones et la lutte contre l’érosion des terres. Le robinier, Robinia pseudoacacia L., fait partie de la famille des légumineuses fixatrices d’azote, ce qui lui confère une aptitude à coloniser des sols pauvres en minéraux. Grâce à sa multiplication végétative rapide, le robinier permettrait de recoloniser des zones menacées par la sécheresse. L’étude du comportement physiologique des jeunes plants de R. pseudoacacia L., en conditions de stress hydrique est importante afin d’évaluer la résistance de cette espèce, ainsi que sa capacité à vivre dans des zones exposées à de faibles précipitations. Après dix semaines de croissance, un arrêt d’arrosage de quatre semaines est appliqué sur de jeunes plants de R. pseudoacacia. Cette contrainte induit une diminution significative de la croissance après deux semaines d’arrêt d’arrosage. Cette réduction s’accompagne d’un arrêt de formation de nouvelles feuilles. La teneur relative en eau des feuilles (TRE), diminue progressivement durant cette même période pour atteindre 78 %, puis chute après quatre semaines d’arrêt d’arrosage. Une diminution significative de la conductance stomatique est observée à partir de la deuxième semaine d’arrêt d’arrosage afin de réduire la quantité d’eau perdue par transpiration stomatique. Une reprise de la croissance ainsi qu’une augmentation de la teneur en eau et de la conductance stomatique des feuilles sont observées chez les plants stressés après une semaine de réarrosage. Le robinier présenterait donc une bonne capacité à reprendre une activité physiologique normale après un arrêt d’arrosage de quatre semaines.

Effets du stress hydrique sur la physiologie et la morphologie de plants du robinier, Robinia pseudoacacia, d’Algérie

To maintain the proper functioning of critical applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks, we must provide an acceptable level of security while taking into account limited capabilities of the sensors. In this paper we proposed a mobile approach to secure data exchanged by structured nodes in cluster. The approach is based on mobile nodes with significant calculation and energy resources that allow cryptographic key management and periodic rekeying. However, mobility in wireless sensor networks aims to increase the security and lifetime of the entire network. The technical methods used in this paper are based on cryptography elliptic curves and key management through a balanced binary tree. To compare the performance of the proposed approach with other mobile algorithms, we focused on the following metrics: the energy consumed by normal sensors and cluster heads, the number of packets exchanged during key installation, time to generate and distribute cryptographic keys, and the memory used by the different sensors to store keys.

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Mohamed Toumi

Papers

Effets du stress hydrique sur la physiologie et la morphologie de plants du robinier, Robinia pseudoacacia, d’Algérie

Powerful mobile nodes for enhancing wireless sensor networks' security and lifetime