In 1965 Ivan E. Sutherland envisioned the Ultimate Display, a room in which a computer can directly control the existence of matter.
This type of display would merge the digital and the physical world, dramatically changing how people interact with computers.
This thesis explores flat displays, deformable displays, flexible materials, static, and mobile projection displays in dynamic environments. 
%Dynamic environments are inherent to human behavior, but pose big problems to Human-Computer Interaction since computing devices rely on many assumptions of the interaction.
Two aspects of the dynamic environment are considered. One is mobile human nature -- a person moving through or inside an environment. The other is the change or movement of the environment itself.

The initial study consisted of a mixed reality application, based on recent motor learning research. It tested if a performer's attentional focus on markers external to the body improves the accuracy and duration of acquiring a motor skill, as compared with the performer focusing on their own body accompanied by verbal instructions. This experiment showed the need for displays that resemble physical reality. 


Deformable displays and Organic User Interfaces (OUIs) leverage shape, material, and the inherent properties of matter in order to create natural, intuitive forms of interaction. We suggested designing OUIs employing depth sensors as 3D input, deformable displays as 3D output, and identifying attributes that couple matter to human perception and motor skills. 

Flexible materials were explored by developing a soft gripper able to hold everyday objects of various shapes and sizes. It did not use complex hardware or control algorithms, but rather combined sheets of flexible plastic materials and a single servo motor.
The gripper showed how a simple design with a minimal control mechanism can solve a complex problem in a dynamic environment.
It serves as an example application for merging the digital and the physical through flexible materials, embodied computation, and actuation.

The next two experiments merge digital information with the physical dynamic environment by using mobile and static projectors.
The mobile projector experiment consisted of GPS navigation using a bike-mounted projector, displaying a map on the pavement in front of the bike. We found out that if compared with a bike-mounted smartphone, the mobile projector yields a lower cognitive load for the map navigation task. 
A dynamic space emerges from the navigation task requirements, and the projected display becomes a part of the physical environment. 

In the final experiment, a person interacts with a changing, growing environment, on which digital information is projected from above using a static projector. The interactive space consists of cardboard building blocks, the arrangement of which are limited by the area of projection. The user adds cardboard blocks to the cluster based upon feedback projected from above.
Concepts from artificial intelligence and architecture were applied for understanding the interaction between the environment, the user, the morphology, and the material of the physical building system.

https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/198101/198101.pdf

The Ultimate Display

A blockchain maturity model in agricultural supply chain

Digital technologies offer a potential solution to improve sustainability—economic, social, and environmental—of agri-food systems around the globe. While developed countries have led the innovation and adoption of digital agriculture, the potential impact in developing countries—including in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region—is massive. This article synthesizes existing evidence to review the potential and current contribution of digital technologies to the agri-food sectors in MENA. Digital agriculture shows promise in addressing the key challenges facing the agri-food sector across MENA countries. Improvements in primary production, supply chain and logistics performance, and optimized use of scarce natural resources (notably agricultural water) could be notable, if digital technologies can be implemented as envisioned. Available evidence shows that adoption of digital agriculture is at early stages, generally led by high-value agricultural production targeting domestic markets in Gulf countries and export markets in Mashreq countries. Economic sustainability appears the strongest force for current adoption, with less focus on social or environmental sustainability. Public policies should not only foster the adoption of digital technologies in MENA but also ensure equity of access, transparency of use, data protections, and labor protections. Policymakers should move beyond traditional, production-centric views to deliver also on social and environmental sustainability.

Digitalization for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Potential, Status, and Risks for the MENA Region

Intrusion detection of IoT-based data is a hot topic and has received a lot of interests from researchers and practitioners since the security of IoT networks is crucial. Both supervised and unsupervised learning methods are used for intrusion detection of IoT networks. This paper proposes an approach of three stages considering a clustering with reduction stage, an oversampling stage, and a classification by a Single Hidden Layer Feed-Forward Neural Network (SLFN) stage. The novelty of the paper resides in the technique of data reduction and data oversampling for generating useful and balanced training data and the hybrid consideration of the unsupervised and supervised methods for detecting the intrusion activities. The experiments were evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and G-mean and divided into four steps: measuring the effect of the data reduction with clustering, the evaluation of the framework with basic classifiers, the effect of the oversampling technique, and a comparison with basic classifiers. The results show that SLFN classification technique and the choice of Support Vector Machine and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SVM-SMOTE) with a ratio of 0.9 and the k value of 3 for k-means++ clustering technique give better results than other values and other classification techniques.

A Multi-Stage Classification Approach for IoT Intrusion Detection Based on Clustering with Oversampling

Smart farming technologies adoption: Which factors play a role in the digital transition?

A contextualized study of the usage of the Internet of things (IoTs) in smart farming in a typical Middle Eastern country within the context of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT)

Investigating the impact of economic, political, and social factors on augmented reality technology acceptance in agriculture (livestock farming) sector in a developing country

Sustainable development is not just possible with regard to the environmental and economic dimensions, and social issues are also important in achieving sustainable development. Social sustainability, as one of the dimensions of sustainable development, has been considered by policy makers and managers. Social sustainability and business ethics in the organization are affected by social and behavioral interactions of individuals. Blockchain technology, as a disruptive technology, leads to a peer-to-peer and decentralized network management using distributed architecture. Blockchain technology can affect the way information is exchanged and creates transparency in the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of blockchain technology on business ethics and social sustainability in the organization. In the first part of the research, a conceptual model is extracted using previous studies. In the second part, the relationship between model variables among 411 managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) active in the Middle East region is evaluated according to the importance of sustainability in this region. Structural equation model and SmartPLS software have been used for data analysis. The research findings show that the use of blockchain technology has a direct impact on business ethics, corporate governance and social sustainability due to the creation of a decentralized system, information transparency and traceability. Also, business ethics and corporate governance have an impact on achieving social sustainability.

/pdf/the-effects-of-blockchain-technology-adoption-on-business-4y7wtt1093.pdf

Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi

Papers

A contextualized study of the usage of the Internet of things (IoTs) in smart farming in a typical Middle Eastern country within the context of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT)

A blockchain maturity model in agricultural supply chain

Investigating the impact of economic, political, and social factors on augmented reality technology acceptance in agriculture (livestock farming) sector in a developing country

The effects of blockchain technology adoption on business ethics and social sustainability: evidence from the Middle East

Identifying and Ranking Internet of Things Services in Healthcare Sector