Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge

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Judgment And Decision Making An Interdisciplinary Reader

Coh-Metrix analyzes texts on multiple measures of language and discourse that are aligned with multilevel theoretical frameworks of comprehension. Dozens of measures funnel into five major factors that systematically vary as a function of types of texts (e.g., narrative vs. informational) and grade level: narrativity, syntactic simplicity, word concreteness, referential cohesion, and deep (causal) cohesion. Texts are automatically scaled on these five factors with Coh-Metrix-TEA (Text Easability Assessor). This article reviews how these five factors account for text variations and reports analyses that augment Coh-Metrix in two ways. First, there is a composite measure called formality, which increases with low narrativity, syntactic complexity, word abstractness, and high cohesion. Second, the words are analyzed with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, an automated system that measures words in texts on dozens of psychological attributes. One next step in automated text analyses is a topics analys...

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Coh-Metrix Measures Text Characteristics at Multiple Levels of Language and Discourse.

Portuguese Abstract: Discuto neste artigo a concepcao de racionalidade de Herbert A. Simon em duas de suas principais definicoes gerais: a racionalidade limitada e a racionalidade procedimental. Argumento que a segunda e a que melhor sintetiza a visao do autor sobre o comportamento racional e que a primeira cumpre principalmente uma funcao critica. Elas sao complementares neste sentido. A despeito disso, sugiro que e a pouca especificidade do conceito de racionalidade limitada um dos motivos para seu sucesso relativamente maior.English Abstract: This paper discusses Herbert A. Simon’s conception of rationality in two of its principal general definitions: bounded rationality and procedural rationality. It argues that the latter is the one that better synthesizes the author’s view about rational behavior and that the former fills mainly a critical function. They are complementarily used by Simon in this sense. In spite of that, it is argued that it is the low degree of specificity of the concept of bounded rationality one of the reasons for its relatively greater success.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2782819_code1688651.pdf?abstractid=2782819&mirid=1&type=2

Herbert A. Simon e o conceito de racionalidade: Limites e procedimentos (Herbert A. Simon and the Concept of Rationality: Boundaries and Procedures)

Instead of proofs or logical evaluations, compliance assessment could be done by benchmarking. Benchmarks, in their nature, are applied. So a set of benchmarks could shape an applied solution for compliance assessment. In this paper, we introduce the KARB solution: Keeping away compliance Anomalies by Rule-based Benchmarking. By rule-based benchmarking, we mean evaluation of under-compliance-system by its symbolic specification and by using a set of symbolic rules (on behalf of semantic logic of evaluation). In order to demonstrate and investigate the manner of KARB solution, we conducted a case study. The IR-QUMA study (Iranian Survey on Quality in Messenger Apps) is defined to evaluate the quality of some messenger apps. the results of evaluations suggest that the Hybrid Method of DD-KARB (with combination of semantics-awareness and data-drivenness) is more effective than solo-methods and could compute a somehow good estimation for messenger-apps user quality scores. So DD-KARB could be considered as a method for quality benchmarking in this technical context.

KARB Solution: Compliance to Quality by Rule Based Benchmarking.

Previously, we have proposed a computational model for decision-making in crisis situations called C-RPD (Computational Recognition Primed Decision). In this paper, a software development process customized for Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems (CSDMSs) is proposed. Agile processes can skillfully manage uncertainty in software requirements and some of their features like incremental development can solve some problems in developing CSDMSs. However, these processes do not provide comprehensive solutions for issues like the lack of enough knowledge about CSDMSs, very rapid changes, urgent need to overcome security challenges, high development unpredictability, and the performance test. Extreme Programming (XP) is one of the best and most widely-used agile processes. In this article, a customized version of XP called Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems Software Development Process (CSDP) is proposed. Standing first and second in five national and international RoboCup rescue agent simulation tournaments from 2006 to 2010 bear witness to the efficiency of the developed software using CSDP. Relying on its characteristics, CSDP has been able to practically tackle the challenges of developing CSDMSs such as the lack of crisis-related knowledge and cumulative nature of crisis-related knowledge, difficulty of extracting knowledge, long development cycle, and sudden and frequent changes in system requirements.

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A Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems Software Development Process With Rescue Experiences

Measuring text complexity is an essential task in several fields and applications (such as NLP, semantic web, smart education, etc.). The semantic layer of text is more tacit than its syntactic structure and, as a result, calculation of semantic complexity is more difficult than syntactic complexity. While there are famous and powerful academic and commercial syntactic complexity measures, the problem of measuring semantic complexity is still a challenging one. In this paper, we introduce the DAST model, which stands for Deciding About Semantic Complexity of a Text. DAST proposes an intuitionistic approach to semantics that lets us have a well-defined model for the semantics of a text and its complexity: semantic is considered as a lattice of intuitions and, as a result, semantic complexity is defined as the result of a calculation on this lattice. A set theoretic formal definition of semantic complexity, as a 6-tuple formal system, is provided. By using this formal system, a method for measuring semantic complexity is presented. The evaluation of the proposed approach is done by a set of three human-judgment experiments. The results show that DAST model is capable of deciding about semantic complexity of text. Furthermore, the analysis of the results leads us to introduce a Markovian model for the process of common-sense, multiple-steps and semantic-complexity reasoning in people. The results of Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the random baseline with improvement in better precision and competes with other methods by less error percentage.

DAST Model: Deciding About Semantic Complexity of a Text.

Smart Cities, with their problems and challenges, is an emerging smart paradigm. To achieve better quality and usability levels, we need engineering solutions to support smart cities' soft-layer development. Statics, dynamics and generative semantics are involved, but segregating Coordination Protocols from the other semantics could act as a complexity management strategy to tackle the inherent complexity of smart city systems. Here we demonstrate how we could engineer the protocols layer of a smart city by using a Reo-Based solution.

A Reo Based Solution for Engineering the Coordination Protocols for Smart Cities.

Generative Software Development (GSD) is an area of research that aims at increasing the level of productivity of software development processes. Despite widespread research on GSD approaches, deficiencies such as impracticability/impracticality, limited generation power, and inadequate support for complexity management have prevented them from achieving an ideal level of generativity. We propose a GSD approach based on a novel modeling paradigm called ‘Ivy’. Ivy models the context domain as a set of conceptual phenomena, and depicts how these phenomena emerge from one another. Our proposed approach, Emergence-Based Generative Software Development (EBGSD), uses Ivy models for modeling how a software system (as a phenomenon) can emerge from its underlying phenomena, and can provide an effective means for managing software complexity. Developers can also elicit generative patterns from Ivy models and utilize them to increase the level of reuse and generativity, and thus improve their productivity. Keywords-generative software development; phenomenon; emergence; conceptual model

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MohammadReza Besharati

Papers

A Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems Software Development Process With Rescue Experiences

KARB Solution: Compliance to Quality by Rule Based Benchmarking.

DAST Model: Deciding About Semantic Complexity of a Text.

A Reo Based Solution for Engineering the Coordination Protocols for Smart Cities.

EBGSD: Emergence-Based Generative Software Development