Impacts of COVID-19 and anti-pandemic policies on urban transport—an empirical study in China

COVID-19 is an acronym for “Corona Virus Desease-2019”. Emergance at the end of 2019 and the explosion of this virus caused by rapid transmission yo the effects caused and the absence of a vaccine that can definitely fight this virus. In Indonesia, the peak of people’s fear of this virus occured when the first COVID-19 case was announced on 2 March 2020. The impact of this outbreak attacked all sectors including the capital market. By using paired sample t test, this study aims to analyze the impact of the announcement on changes in price and stock returns PT. Indosat, Tbk. The results showed that stock prices experienced significant changes with sig.value 0,000 0,05.

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Dampak covid-19 terhadap perubahan harga dan return saham

Communication and policy making can either increase or decrease performances. This study aims to measure whether communication and policy making have impacts on teachers’ performance. This research is a quantitative study using proportional random sampling technique. The research data were obtained through a questionnaire and were then analyzed by the t-test and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that both communication and policy-making styles had a significant impact on teachers’ performance, and simultaneously the communication style and policy-making style had an impact on teacher performance by 71.1%. Thus, the strategic leadership of madrasa principals at the Islamic Elementary School level should be taken into account to formulate differentiation and diversification strategies of communication policies, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: assessment, communication skills, elementary school students. Abstrak Komunikasi dan pengambilan kebijakan dapat meningkatkan kinerja atau sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur apakah hal tersebut berdampak terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling . Data hasil penelitian diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan rumus uji t-tests dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya komunikasi secara signifikan berdampak terhadap kinerja guru, gaya pengambilan kebijakan secara signifikan berdampak terhadap kinerja guru, dan secara simultan gaya komunikasi dan gaya pengambilan kebijakan berdampak terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 71.1%. Sehingga, kepemimpinan kepala madrasah yang strategik di tingkat pendidikan dasar Islam seharusnya dipandang untuk memformulasikan strategi diferensiasi dan diversifikasi pada kebijakan komunikasi lebih lanjut, apalagi pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Kata kunci: penilaian, kemampuan komunikasi, siswa sekolah dasar.

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The Effect of Communication and Policy-Making to Teacher’s Performance on Strategic Madrasah Leadership during Pandemic Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is a multi-faceted phenomenon with many political, economic and social consequences. Success in managing and controlling this pandemic depends on the coordinated efforts of many organizations and institutions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze the actors and stakeholders related to managing and controlling this pandemic in Iran.This mix-method stakeholder analysis was conducted in 2021 nationwide as retrospectively. The purposive sampling method was applied when inviting eligible participants to participate in the study. Our study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase, data were collected using a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was developed based on the WHO stakeholder analysis framework. In the quantitative phase, we used a questionnaire developed based on the study framework. Each question was scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with a score greater than 4 was considered as high, 3-4 was considered as moderate, and 1-3 was considered as low. Data were analyzed using framework analysis, WHO stakeholders' analysis framework and MENDELOW matrix. MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software Version 11 and Policy Maker software (Version. 4) were used for data analysis.A total of 48 stakeholders were identified. Ministry of Health (MoH), National Headquarters for Coronavirus Control (NHCC) had the highest participation level, high supportive position, and knowledge of the subject. The Parliament of Iran (PoI), Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) had the highest power/influence during the Covid-19 epidemic. Only two stakeholders (6.06%) had high participation, and 18.18% had moderate participation. All stakeholders except for the NHCC and the MoH lacked appropriate knowledge of the subject. Furthermore, only three stakeholders (9.09%) had high power/influence.Given the multidimensional nature of Covid-19, most institutions and organizations were involved in managing this pandemic. Stakeholders with high power/authority and resources had a low/moderate participation level and a moderate supportive position. Moreover, organizations with a high supportive position and participation had low power/authority and resources to cope with COVID-19. 

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Stakeholders analysis of COVID-19 management and control: a case of Iran

Kota Wuhan merupakan kota dimana diketemukannya virus yang dikenal Covid-19 dan menyebar secara massif ke berbagai negara. Presiden Republik Indonesia, Bapak Joko Widodo bahkan menetapkan tanggal 13 April 2020 melalui keputusan presiden (keppres) No 12 tahun 2020 sebagai national disaster. Pembatasan aktivitas ekonomi di seluruh negara menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan ekononomi termasuk aktivitas di pasar modal Indonesia. Kajian penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengumuman covid-19 sebagai national disaster terhadap aktivitas perdagangan saham yang diproxy dengan return saham, abnormal return, dan trading volume activity pada perusahaan LQ 45. Masing-masing variabel dihitung dan dibandingkan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pengumuman covid-19 sebagai bencana nasional di Indonesia. Uji T (uji beda) digunakan untuk menguji ada tidaknya perbedaan masing-masing variabel. Data ativitas harian bursa efek Indonesia 30 hari sebelum dan 30 hari sesudah pengumuman covid-19 dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman Covid-19. 
The city of Wuhan is a city where the virus known as Covid-19 was discovered and spread massively to various countries. President of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Joko Widodo even set April 13, 2020 through presidential decree (presidential decree) No. 12 of 2020 as a national disaster. Restrictions on economic activity throughout the country led to a decrease in economic growth including activity in the Indonesian capital market. This research study aims to analyze the impact of the covid-19 announcement as a national disaster on stock trading activities that are produced with stock returns, abnormal returns, and trading volume activities in LQ 45 companies. Each variable is calculated and compared before and after the announcement of Covid-19 as a national disaster in Indonesia. The T test (different test) is used to test whether or not there is a difference between each variable. Indonesia stock exchange daily activity data 30 days before and 30 days after the covid-19 announcement are compared. The results showed a significant difference between previous and post-Covid-19 activities.

Dampak Pengumuman Pemerintah, COVID – 19 Sebagai National Disaster Terhadap Aktivitas Pasar Saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The lockdown authority based on the laws in each country regarding Health Quarantine is the absolute authority of the Government. As stated, "health quarantine is carried out to prevent and ward off the entry or entry of diseases and / or community health risk factors that have the potential to cause public health emergencies." Therefore if there is a regional government that feels the region has an emergency situation and wants to do a lockdown, of course this is unconstitutional and there needs to be a consul from the regional head with the central government before making any related policies. Considering the emergency situation, the spread of the corona virus which has now infected many people (starting from December 2019 to June 2020) can be categorized as an infectious disease that can trigger public health emergencies, so that the implementation of national quarantine can actually be done especially with authority which is clearly stated in the legislation. But so far the central government has not issued a lockdown policy, even though the number of infections has increased. This is influenced by economic considerations during the lockdown. Economic decline, business failure to the number of layoffs by companies are the main considerations. Likewise, the risk of many workers will be fired (laid off) because the company or office is not operating. Not to mention the government must be able to meet the basic needs of the population during lockdown or national quarantine activities when enacted. The question also arises, whether the government is able to meet the primary needs of its citizens when the lockdown occurs.

http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/lawreconstruction/article/download/10942/4190

Mohammed Abdela Mahammed

Papers

Analysis Of COVID-19 Lockdown Policy Impact By The Government Of The Country On The Economic Sector And Signing Of Working Relationships (Layoffs)