Large-scale data stream analysis has become one of the important business and research priorities lately. Social networks like Twitter and other micro-blogging platforms hold an enormous amount of data that is large in volume, velocity and variety. Extracting valuable information and trends out of these data would aid in a better understanding and decision-making. Multiple analysis techniques are deployed for English content. Moreover, one of the languages that produce a large amount of data over social networks and is least analyzed is the Arabic language. The proposed paper is a survey on the research efforts to analyze the Arabic content in Twitter focusing on the tools and methods used to extract the sentiments for the Arabic content on Twitter. Keywords—Big Data, Social Networks, Sentiment Analysis.

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Survey on Arabic Sentiment Analysis in Twitter

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), mobile devices connect with other devices wirelessly, where there is no central administration. They are prone to different types of attacks such as the black hole, insider, gray hole, wormhole, faulty node, and packet drop, which considerably interrupt to perform secure communication. This paper has implemented the denial-of-service attacks like black hole attacks on general-purpose ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. It uses three approaches: normal AODV, black hole AODV (BH_AODV), and detected black hole AODV (D_BH_AODV), wherein we observe that black holes acutely degrade the performance of networks. We have detected the black hole attacks within the networks using two techniques: (1) intrusion detection system (IDS) and (2) encryption technique (digital signature) with the concept of prevention. Moreover, normal AODV, BH_AODV, and D_BH_AODV protocols are investigated for various quality of service (QoS) parameters, i.e., packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, and overhead with varying the number of nodes, packet sizes, and simulation times. The NS2 software has been used as a simulation tool to simulate existing network topologies, but it does not contain any mechanism to simulate malicious protocols by itself; therefore, we have developed and implemented a D_BH_AODV routing protocol. The outcomes show that the proposed D_BH_AODV approach for the PDR value delivers around 40 to 50% for varying nodes and packets. In contrast, the delay decreases from 300 to 100 ms and 150 to 50 ms with an increase in the number of nodes and packets, respectively. Furthermore, the overhead changes from 1 to 3 for various nodes and packet values. The outcome of this research proves that the black hole attack degrades the overall performance of the network, while the D_BH_AODV enhances the QoS performance since it detects the black hole nodes and avoids them to establish the communication between nodes.

/pdf/performance-improvements-of-aodv-by-black-hole-attack-3zlofk9bg4.pdf

Performance Improvements of AODV by Black Hole Attack Detection Using IDS and Digital Signature

Flying Ad Hoc Network is derived from the mobile ad hoc network and it consists of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for high-speed communication. Flying Ad Hoc Network has high mobility, and the users can communicate without the help of human intervention. Due to high mobility in FANET, network performance is to be concentrated more. Designing a routing protocol is the most important metric for continuous monitoring, analyzing the network performance, and improve efficient network communication. Design of routing protocol should fulfill the important criteria like neighbor nodes selection, shortest path, traffic control, high scalability, high reliability, high data delivery, low drop rate, lesser delay, and high throughput. Due to the high speed in FANET, routing protocols are to be focused on the improvement of network performance and quality of services. This research work studies the detailed review of suitable routing protocols for Flying Ad hoc Networks and discussed the possible outcomes of the different routing strategies such as source-initiated data-centric, table-driven, hybrid, multipath, location-aware, multicast, geographical multicast, power-aware, and energy-aware. This research study suggested the important metrics be concentrated on designing the efficient routing protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks and on improving the quality of services.

A Review on Various Routing Protocol Designing Features for Flying Ad Hoc Networks

https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v70n3/44970/pdf

A Novel Auto-Annotation Technique for Aspect Level Sentiment Analysis

Opinion Mining from user reviews is an emerging field. Sentiment Analysis of Natural Language text helps us in finding the opinion of the customers. These reviews can be in any language e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, Urdu, and Hindi. This research presents a model to classify the polarity of the review(s) in Roman Urdu text (reviews). For the purpose, raw data was scraped from the reviews of 20 songs from Indo-Pak Music Industry. In this research a new dataset of 24000 reviews of Roman Urdu text is created. Nine Machine Learning algorithms—Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Artificial Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Networks, ID3 and Gradient Boost Tree, are attempted. Logistic Regression outperformed the rest, based on testing and cross validation accuracies that are 92.25% and 91.47% respectively.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09714200.pdf

Sentiment Analysis of Reviews in Natural Language: Roman Urdu as a Case Study

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are independent systems that can work without the requirement for unified controls, pre-setup to the paths/routes or advance communication structures. The nodes/hubs of a MANET are independently controlled, which permit them to behave unreservedly in a randomized way inside the MANET. The hubs can leave their MANET and join different MANETs whenever the need arises. These attributes, in any case, may contrarily influence the performance of the routing conventions (or protocols) and the general topology of the systems. Along these lines, MANETs include uniquely planned routing conventions that responsively as well as proactively carry out the routing. This paper assesses and looks at the effectiveness (or performance) of five directing conventions which are AOMDV, DSDV, AODV, DSR and OLSR in a MANET domain. The research incorporates executing a simulating environment to look at the operation of the routing conventions dependent on the variable number of hubs. Three evaluation indices are utilized: Throughput (TH), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and End-to-End delay (E2E). The assessment outcomes indicate that the AODV beats other conventions in the majority of the simulated scenarios.

https://www.beei.org/index.php/EEI/article/download/2516/1777

Analyzing the impact of the number of nodes on the performance of the routing protocols in MANET environment

Sentiment analysis categorizes human opinions, emotions and reactions extracted from text into positive or negative polarity. However, mining sentiments from the Arabic text is challenging due to the scarcity of Arabic datasets for training the context. To address this gap, this study builds an Arabic sentiment dataset sourced from tweets, product reviews, hotel reviews, movie reviews, product attraction, and restaurant reviews from different websites; manually labeled for training the sentiment analysis model. The dataset is then used in a comparative experiment with three machine learning algorithms, which are Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) via a classification methodology. The best results for polarity prediction in sentiment analysis models was achieved by SVM with product attraction dataset, with the accuracy of 0.96, precision of 0.99, recall of 0.99, and F-measure of 0.98. This is followed by the average performance from NB and DT. It can be concluded that the ML classifiers need the right morphological features to enhance the classification accuracy when dealing with different words that play different roles in the sentence with the same letters.

Mohd. Zainuri Saringatb

Papers

Analyzing the impact of the number of nodes on the performance of the routing protocols in MANET environment

Comparative Analysis for Arabic Sentiment Classification