Today, Internet has become the most important and a revolutionary invention which has touched almost every corner of the world and has affect human life in tremendous ways. IOT, Internet of things is simply an interaction between the physical and digital world. It is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs). The communication taking place in today's world is basically in the form of human-human or human-machine but IOT has the ability for a great future where communication will take place in the form of machine-machine also. IOT has changed the way of living of people into a high-profile way and has impact in almost various sector which has given a positive impact on world. Also, along with various advantages it has some challenges and disadvantages too. This paper mainly focused on all the importance point related to IOT, how it works, its component, architecture, characteristics, applications, advantages-disadvantages and many more. IOT is overall a vast topic to discuss and talk about.

A Review on Internet of Things

As the Internet of Things (IoT) develops as the next phase in the Internet's growth, it's critical to identify the numerous potential domains of IoT applications and the research agenda connected with these applications. Become. The Internet of Things is predicted to transform everything from smart cities to smart agriculture, logistics, retail, smart homes, and smart ecosystem permeate almost every aspect of everyday life. Today's IoT technology has improved significantly over the last few years, but there are still many issues that need attention. As the concept of IoT emerges from heterogeneous technologies, many research challenges inevitably arise. The fact that the IoT is so widespread that it affects almost every area of our lives has become a significant research topic for research in various related areas such as information technology and computer science. Therefore, the IoT opens the way to a new dimension in research. This white paper describes recent developments in IoT technology and addresses future application and research challenges.

- Agriculture is the primary occupation in our country for ages. But now due to migration of people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture. so to overcome this problem we go for smart agriculture techniques using IOT. This project includes various sensors NPK sensor, moisture & Temperature Sensor and pH sensor. It makes use of sensor networks for noting the soil properties & environmental factors continuously and the soil parameters are continuously monitored. The sensed Values are sent to the microprocessor where the threshold values set. If the sensed values are exceeding the threshold values, it will be notified to the farmer. effective The parameters used to measure the Soil PH level, level, level, level. are pH sensor, DHT11 sensor, Soil LDR The Arduino used as the controller device to develop stand-alone interactive objects. Mobile application is developed using IOT. This low-cost simple system can help the farmer in automatic controlling of most of the farming requirements. Information collected from sensors will transmit through the cellular network and can be interpreted by the system to take corrective and preventive measures. remote monitoring of soil characteristics to design a device for remote monitoring soil characteristics. The parameters measure the pH value, temperature and moisture content of soil. The hardware components used in the are DHT11 sensor, DS1B20 sensor, Ph sensor and STM32LI52RE is used as the controller device to help the makers build connected objects in a quick, easy and secure way. Mobile application developed using STM32 Nucleo Platform. The determination of soil temperature is done using the DS18B20 sensor working on the Dallas one wire protocol. The system is integrated with Bluetooth for the transfer of data to a nearby cell phone.

Review on IoT based smart agriculture monitoring system

As today’s agriculture industry is facing numerous challenges, including climate changes, encroachment of the urban environment, and lack of qualified farmers, there is a need for new practices to ensure sustainable agriculture and food supply. Consequently, there is an emphasis on upgrading farming practices by shifting toward smart farming (SF)—utilizing advanced information and communication technologies to improve the quantity and quality of the crop with minimal labor interference. SF has gained lots of interest in recent years utilizing a variety of technological innovations in the field, which imposes a challenge on farmers and technology integrators to identify suitable technologies and best practices for a particular application. This article provides a survey of the most recent SF scientific literature to identify common practices toward technology integration, challenges, and solutions. The survey was conducted on 588 papers published on the IEEE database following Cochrane methods to ensure appropriate analysis and interpretation of results. The papers’ contributions were analyzed to identify necessary technologies that constitute SF, and consequently, research themes were identified. The identified themes are sensors, communication, big data, actuators and machines, and data analysis. Besides presenting an in-depth analysis of each identified theme, this article discusses integrating more than one technology in systems to achieve independency. The most common SF systems are remote monitoring, autonomous, and intelligent decision-making systems. 

Technologies Driving the Shift to Smart Farming: A Review

Internet of Things (IoT) aims at being the quickest developing technology, with a huge effect on global life and manufacturing environment. The current mode of communication is either between humans or human and device; however, the concept IoT promises a bright future for the online platform where the mode of communication is machine-machine (M2M). Everything will be automated and smart, with a single tap. An effort has been made in this study to explore the key technologies, new innovative applications of IoT, as well as a comprehensive comparative literature survey. The survey helps in getting better knowledge on various real time applications and its impacts on the daily routine of human lives. The IoT tends to take numerous considerations from the commercial world and research community as a key advancement in the upcoming age of the Internet.

Analysis of IoT Enabled Architecture in Various Sectors and their Challenges

Agriculture has become the most significant growing sector all over the world because of increasing the population. The main challenge in the agriculture industry is to improving farming efficiency and quality without constant physical monitoring to full fill the speedily increasing demand for the food. Apart from the mounting population, the climate circumstance is also a huge challenge in the agricultural industry. The aim of this research paper is to propose a smart farming model based on the Internet of Things using the clustering to deal with the adverse condition. in this model, we use the different types of the sensors like soil moisture, air pressure, rain detection and humidity sensors for a different purpose. The data will collect on the cloud and calculated automatically. The smart agriculture can be adopted from the crop control, collection of useful data, and analysis automatically. The purpose of this paper is how the implement the Internet of Things (IoT) in the monitoring of humidity, soil condition, temperature, and supply water to the field, level of water, climate condition. The IoT based Smart Farming System being planned via this report is integrated with different Sensors and a Wi-Fi module producing live data feed that can be obtained online.

Agriculture monitoring and prediction using Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionized the global network comprising of people, smart devices, intelligent objects, information, and data. It is no secret that as more and more devices connect to the internet, the challenges of securing the data that they transmit and the communications that they initiate are becoming more profound. Over the years, we have seen a surge in IoT devices, broadly in 2 areas – in homes and in manufacturing. With the former, we have seen an entire ecosystem built around Amazon's Echo devices using the Alexa Voice Service. Google, Microsoft, and Apple have followed suit as well. Since these are independent and closed platforms, the responsibilities of securing the devices rest with the platform providers. In this paper, we highlights cyber security in manufacturing and related industries. Industries such as manufacturing, oil & gas, refining, pharmaceuticals, food & beverage, water treatment, and many more are constantly looking to add the right layers of security, as they bring an increasing number of equipment and devices online. Device manufacturers and plant operations managers constantly face pressure to protect their physical assets from cyber threats. Moreover, for each of these industries, the nature of the data, topologies of IoT devices, and complexities of threat management and ensuring compliance vary widely. Keywords-Internet of Things, Cyber-attack, Security threats.

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Mohit Kumar Saini

Papers

Agriculture monitoring and prediction using Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT) Applications and Security Challenges: A Review