There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

The use of infrared radiation as a medium for high-speed short-range wireless digital communication is discussed. Available infrared links and local-area networks are described. Advantages and drawbacks of the infrared medium are compared to those of radio and microwave media. The physical characteristics of infrared channels using intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) are presented including path losses and multipath responses. Natural and artificial ambient infrared noise sources are characterized. Strategies for designs of transmitter and receivers that maximize link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are described. Several modification formats are discussed in detail, including on-off keying (OOK) pulse-position modulation (PPM), and subcarrier modulation. The performance of these techniques in the presence of multipath distortion is quantified. Techniques for multiplexing the transmissions of different users are reviewed. The performance of an experimental 50-Mb/s on-off-keyed diffuse infrared link is described.

Wireless Infrared Communications

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

We review the field of femtosecond pulse shaping, in which Fourier synthesis methods are used to generate nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical wave forms according to user specification. An emphasis is placed on programmable pulse shaping methods based on the use of spatial light modulators. After outlining the fundamental principles of pulse shaping, we then present a detailed discussion of pulse shaping using several different types of spatial light modulators. Finally, new research directions in pulse shaping, and applications of pulse shaping to optical communications, biomedical optical imaging, high power laser amplifiers, quantum control, and laser-electron beam interactions are reviewed.

Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators

A technique is described for design and implementation of an integrated selective-broadcast passive optical star couplers that uses a space-varying refractive index slab. The coupler offers the potential for inexpensive implementation of various routing schemes. It is possible to incorporate a network traffic routing matrix in the design fabric of this bandwidth-selective coupler. The matrix may resemble any desired physical cross connection for routing user traffic. As an example, a shuffle-exchange cross-connect implementation is described. It is shown how this specific routing matrix can be built into the coupler fabric. Such a coupler has application in dense wavelength division multiplexed optical passive star networks where a selective or limited-broadcast coupling capability is desirable. >

Selective-broadcast optical passive star comer design for dense WDM networks

In this paper, we analyze the effect of Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) of multiple users on the SINR of a single user in OFDMA based uplink communication receiver. We have computed an explicit SINR expression for two types of mapping strategies used in uplink OFDMA systems namely Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) and Localized Frequency Division Multiple Access (LFDMA). SINR expressions in case of carrier frequency offset correction are also computed. Using simulations, we have compared the total average interference due to different values of CFO's of multiple users for both mapping schemes. Simulation results also show that the average value of Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) for localized mapping is higher than interleaved mapping while the average value of Multiuser Interference (MUI) is higher for interleaved mapping. Moreover, the average MUI for localized mapping is minimum at the center of the band and it increases as we move towards the band edges. We also observe a flat response for ICI and MUI for interleaved mapping.

Interference analysis of interleaved and localized mapping schemes in OFDMA system with Carrier Frequency Offset

A novel all-optical phase modulation and wavelength conversion has been demonstrated in a traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier. Even though the optical gain modulation caused by the saturation effect in a traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier is sensitive to the signal wavelength, the optically controlled phase modulation is relatively independent of the signal wavelength. >

/pdf/all-optical-phase-modulation-in-a-traveling-wave-1q2rw86rbt.pdf

All-optical phase modulation in a traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier

For free space optics to support multi user communications, multi-access schemes need to be incorporated.
Conventional asynchronous optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs)
cannot deliver the required performance due to code interference, which sets a lower bound on the achievable bit error
rate. Thus we introduce the use of complementary Walsh Hadamard codes as a promising solution to support
synchronous OCDMA, capable of achieving required performance due to inherent interference cancellation, in addition
to supporting a higher number of users while maintaining short code lengths, and alleviating some of the stringent
requirements on the receiver hardware.

Free-space optics supporting multi-user communications for wireless mesh networks

This paper is about signal processing schemes for airborne free-space optical wireless communications through cloud. FSO channel is known to be accompanied by multiscattering, which causes severe intersymbol interference. Unlike traditional FSO with optical signal processing, this research will study feasibility of RF signal processing schemes applied to FSO. By employing a channel shortening equalizer followed by a maximum likelihood sequential detector, reliable communication at low-to-mid level optical thickness values is shown to be feasible.

Mohsen Kavehrad

Papers

Selective-broadcast optical passive star comer design for dense WDM networks

Interference analysis of interleaved and localized mapping schemes in OFDMA system with Carrier Frequency Offset

All-optical phase modulation in a traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier

Free-space optics supporting multi-user communications for wireless mesh networks

Airborne Laser Communications with Impulse Response Shortening and Viterbi Decoding