So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Human biochemical genetics

https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=covid19

SARS-CoV-2

Communities and local governments across the country face a period of extreme uncertainty Whether or not COVID-19 is quickly contained, changes in consumer dem

/pdf/comparative-genetic-analysis-of-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-5550ov6rkh.pdf

Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations

Spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis : moyamoya disease

ABCB1 descriptionABCB1 (MDR1) is one of many ubiquitous adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) genes present in all kingdoms of life that is responsible for cellular homeostasis [1–3]. ABC genes encode transporter and channel proteins possessing multiple membrane-spanning domains that f

/pdf/very-important-pharmacogene-summary-abcb1-mdr1-p-1gkf1clnaw.pdf

Very important pharmacogene summary: ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein).

The emerging field of pharmacoepigenomics is providing promising insights into the role drugs play in modulating the host epigenome and in addressing interindividual variability in drug response and drug-related adverse effects. Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression can be modulated by drugs that impact drug response and drug-related adverse effects. Ever growing evidence indicates that antipsychotic drugs have the potential to target various epigenetic processes. This chapter provides an overview of the modes of action of antipsychotic drugs and focuses on their role in modulation of the epigenome.

Pharmacoepigenetics of Antipsychotic Drugs

Melatonin Disruption in Autism and Its Regulation by Natural Supplements

Insects are omnipresent and encompass 3/4(superscript th) of the whole animal kingdom. Their wide range of ecological adaptability makes them fittest in the extreme ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need to assess their biodiversity in terms of biological and biogeographical identities. We have devised a novel marker system called Random Amplified Genome Encoding Primer (RAGEP) which has been described to assess the migratory pattern and intra species diversity in H. puera. In the present study we propose to characterize the RAGEPs for its heritability, stringency, reproducibility, species specificity and development of species-specific tags and genome specific tags (nuclear and mitochondrial) using RAGEP marker system. We provide convincing results to accept RAGEP system as good marker system to address biodiversity in terms of its biological and biogeographical identities.

RAGEP Marker System (RAGEP) and Its Validation: A Novel Approach to Assess Insect Biodiversity

Hyblaea puera (teak defoliator) is a pest moth of teak woodlands in India and other tropics H puera is a type genus that represents the family Hyblaeidae and superfamily Hyblaeoidea The relationships between the superfamily Hyblaeoidea other smaller superfamilies like Pyraloidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea, Torticoidea, Papilionoidea and others are not well understood This study provides substantial molecular evidence in supporting the morphological classification of Hyblaeidae family and its relationship with other superfamilies As a molecular tool DNA barcoding has gained importance in species identification and taxonomic verification Present case study on Hyblaea demonstrates the efficiency of the barcoding gene (folmer region) in discriminating global phylogeographical variants among the Hyblaea species complex

Deciphering the Molecular Phylogenetics of Family Hyblaeidae and Inferring the Phylogeographical Relationships Using DNA Barcoding

Aim: Pregnancy in women with epilepsy (WWE) who are on anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) has two- to three-fold increased risk of fetal malformations. AEDs are mostly metabolized by Cyp2C9, Cyp2C19 and Cyp3A4 and transported by ABCB1. Patients on AED therapy can have folate deficiency. We hypothesize that the polymorphisms in ABCB1, Cyp2C9, Cyp2C19 and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) might result in differential expression resulting in differential drug transport, drug metabolism and folate metabolism, which in turn may contribute to the teratogenic impact of AEDs. Materials and Methods: The ABCB1, Cyp2C9, Cyp2C19 and MTHFR polymorphisms were genotyped for their role in teratogenic potential and the nature of teratogenecity in response to AED treatment in WWE. The allelic, genotypic associations were tested in 266 WWE comprising of 143 WWE who had given birth to babies with WWE-malformation (WWE-M) and 123 WWE who had normal offsprings (WWE-N). Results: In WWE-M, CC genotype of Ex07 + 139C/T was overrepresented (P = 0.0032) whereas the poor metabolizer allele *2 and *2 *2 genotype of CYP2C219 was significantly higher in comparison to WWE-N group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). All these observations were independent of the nature of malformation (cardiac vs. non cardiac malformations). Conclusion: Our study indicates the possibility that ABCB1 and Cyp2C19 may play a pivotal role in the AED induced teratogenesis, which is independent of nature of malformation. This is one of the first reports indicating the pharmacogenetic role of Cyp2C19 and ABCB1 in teratogenesis of AED in pregnant WWE.

Moinak Banerjee

Papers

Pharmacoepigenetics of Antipsychotic Drugs

Melatonin Disruption in Autism and Its Regulation by Natural Supplements

RAGEP Marker System (RAGEP) and Its Validation: A Novel Approach to Assess Insect Biodiversity

Deciphering the Molecular Phylogenetics of Family Hyblaeidae and Inferring the Phylogeographical Relationships Using DNA Barcoding

Cyp2C19 Cyp2C19 and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in teratogenicity of anti-epileptic drugs in women with epilepsy