The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Quercetin is a bioactive compound that is widely used in botanical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine due to its potent antioxidant activity. In recent years, antioxidant activities of quercetin have been studied extensively, including its effects on glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activity, signal transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by environmental and toxicological factors. Chemical studies on quercetin have mainly focused on the antioxidant activity of its metal ion complexes and complex ions. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the antioxidant activities, chemical research, and medicinal application of quercetin.

Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application.

Background Rutin is a common dietary flavonoid which has received great attention in literature, due to their pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, inter alia . Over 860 products containing rutin are currently marketed in the US. The major disadvantage associated with rutin is its constrained bioavailability, mainly caused by its low aqueous solubility, poor stability and limited membrane permeability. Scope and approach The aim of this contribution is to give an overview of the current methods (conventional and innovative) for the extraction, identification and purification of rutin. Furthermore, recent findings regarding its pharmacological activities and the different approaches to increase rutin solubility in both aqueous and lipid phases will be discussed. Key findings and conclusions Current trends on extraction process have been focused on the discovery and design of green and sustainable extraction techniques to optimize the recovery of rutin. Despite the bioactivity expressed in different in vitro systems, its biological effects in vivo are limited by the poor bioavailability of the flavonoid. The utilization of delivery systems for rutin or its enzymatic or chemical transformation towards highly soluble derivatives have the potential to improve rutin bioavailability, as well as its stability and/or specific biological properties. These novel rutin formulations may bring this promising flavonoid to the forefront of nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or treatment of various chronic human diseases.

Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability

Introduction: Natural compounds such as bioflavonoids have found application in health care system due to their wide biological activities, high safety margins and lower cost. Rutin, a polyphenolic bioflavonoid has shown wide range of pharmacological applications due to its significant antioxidant properties. Conventionally, it is used as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiallergic agent. However, current research has shown its multispectrum pharmacological benefits for the treatment of various chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Its use is advantageous over other flavonoids as it is a nontoxic and nonoxidizable molecule. Areas covered: This review focus on various studies done on rutin explaining its broad spectrum pharmacological activities. In addition, this review will also focus on the challenges associated with the drug and various approaches to improve the oral bioavailability of rutin. Expert opinion: Rutin is a highly potent molecule due to its strong...

Rutin : therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery, and preliminary evidence suggests that it might have a beneficial role in hair regrowth. Here, we report the results of a randomized, evaluator-blinded, placebo-controlled, half-head group study to compare, with the aid of computerized trichograms, hair regrowth with PRP versus placebo. The safety and clinical efficacy of autologous PRP injections for pattern hair loss were investigated. PRP, prepared from a small volume of blood, was injected on half of the selected patients’ scalps with pattern hair loss. The other half was treated with placebo. Three treatments were administered to each patient at 30-day intervals. The endpoints were hair regrowth, hair dystrophy as measured by dermoscopy, burning or itching sensation, and cell proliferation as measured by Ki67 evaluation. Patients were followed for 2 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled, 3 were excluded. At the end of the 3 treatment cycles, the patients presented clinical improvement in the mean number of hairs, with a mean increase of 33.6 hairs in the target area, and a mean increase in total hair density of 45.9 hairs per cm2 compared with baseline values. No side effects were noted during treatment. Microscopic evaluation showed the increase of epidermis thickness and of the number of hair follicles 2 weeks after the last PRP treatment compared with baseline value (p < .05). We also observed an increase of Ki67+ keratinocytes in the epidermis and of hair follicular bulge cells, and a slight increase of small blood vessels around hair follicles in the treated skin compared with baseline (p < .05). Relapse of androgenic alopecia was not evaluated in all patients until 12 months after the last treatment. After 12 months, 4 patients reported progressive hair loss; this was more evident 16 months after the last treatment. Those four patients were re-treated. Our data clearly highlight the positive effects of PRP injections on male pattern hair loss and absence of major side effects. PRP may serve as a safe and effective treatment option against hair loss; more extensive controlled studies are needed.

https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.5966/sctm.2015-0107

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Hair Regrowth: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves, fruits and aerial roots of Ficus bengalensis were evaluated for their hypoglycaemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. The extracts (1.25gm/kg, p.o.) and standard drug glibenclamide (lOmg/kg, p.o.) were given to alloxan induced diabetic rats and the blood glucose levels after 2 hours were compared with that of the control. The alcoholic extracts of aerial roots and fruits exhibited 24.53% and 26.74% reduction, while the aqueous extract of aerial roots and fruits showed 6.48% and 18.88% reduction in blood glucose levels after two hours, respectively. Alcoholic as well as the aqueous extract of leaves did not show any effect.

Hypoglycaemic activity of ficus bengalensis in alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats

Biopharmaceutical properties (Solubility and permeability etc.) of the drugs are the\nmajor factors responsible for absorbing the drug. A huge fraction of pharmaceutical drugs belongs to classes II and IV, showing more lipophilic nature with low solubility. These drugs can be complexed with cyclodextrin for improving the biopharmaceutical properties and drug delivery. Cyclodextrin is widely utilized in pharmaceutical formulations as an associate excipient to extend stability and solubility—cyclodextrin tends to form complexes, and self-aggregation property results to form nano or micro preparations. Nano preparation of cyclodextrins can be used for drug delivery. This review deals with cyclodextrin inclusion complexes/ nanoparticles, their preparations, application, and drug delivery role.

/pdf/cyclodextrin-based-nanoparticles-for-improved-solubility-and-tc2w7gjm9o.pdf

Cyclodextrin Based Nanoparticles For Improved Solubility and Drug Delivery

Ein Drittel der Menschen stirbt an Erkrankungen des Herz-KreislaufSystems und wird so zum Opfer eines ungesunden Lebensstils. Welche Rolle Mediziner mit einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz spielen können, um ihre Patienten auf dem Weg zu einem stressfreien, gesünderen Leben zu unterstützen, lesen Sie im Expertengespräch auf Seite 137. Wie Menschen mit Herzproblemen von Tai-Chi und Qigong profitieren können und welche Mühe sich die Schweiz und die Europäische Union geben, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu verhindern, steht auf den Seiten 134 und 142.

/pdf/vorbeugung-ist-immer-noch-wichtig-376r35zjin.pdf

Vorbeugung ist immer noch wichtig

In this study, floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride were prepared by using cellulose acetate polymer by solvent evaporation method. Four formulations were prepared by varying the ratio of drug and polymer. The prepared microspheres were then subjected to various evaluation parameters such as drug content, micromeritic evaluations, FTIR, SEM, floatability and in vitro dissolution study. Formulation F1 (1:1 ratio of polymer and drug) showed the highest drug release and drug content with good flow properties. The cumulative percentage of drug release significantly decreased with decreasing drug concentration with a constant polymer ratio. Scanning Electron Microscopy images of all formulations showed that the prepared floating microspheres were irregular in shape, and the surface was found to be non- uniform and rough. In vitro release studies indicated the mechanism of the drug release to follow the Korsemeyer-Peppas model, and “n” value was found to be between 0.54-1.89, indicating anomalous transport mechanism.

Mona Semalty

Papers

Hypoglycaemic activity of ficus bengalensis in alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats

Cyclodextrin Based Nanoparticles For Improved Solubility and Drug Delivery

Vorbeugung ist immer noch wichtig

Cellulose acetate floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride: formulation and characterization