The world population growth is increasing the demand for food production. Furthermore, the reduction of the workforce in rural areas and the increase in production costs are challenges for food production nowadays. Smart farming is a farm management concept that may use Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome the current challenges of food production. This work uses the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) methodology to systematically review the existing literature on smart farming with IoT. The review aims to identify the main devices, platforms, network protocols, processing data technologies and the applicability of smart farming with IoT to agriculture. The review shows an evolution in the way data is processed in recent years. Traditional approaches mostly used data in a reactive manner. In more recent approaches, however, new technological developments allowed the use of data to prevent crop problems and to improve the accuracy of crop diagnosis.

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A Systematic Review of IoT Solutions for Smart Farming

The main objective of the present work is to develop a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring of environmental factors have increased in importance over the last decade. In particular monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. A traditional approach to measuring these factors in an agricultural environment meant individuals manually taking measurements and checking them at various times. The ability to document and detail changes in parameters of interest have become increasingly valuable, to such an extent that unattended monitoring systems have been investigated for this function. This study investigates a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor nodes are based on WSN802G modules. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and will allow it to be analyzed then displayed as needed.

A WiFi based smart wireless sensor network for an agricultural environment : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering

Systematic review of Internet of Things in smart farming

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have grown rapidly and represent now a unique opportunity to improve our environmental monitoring capabilities at extremely low costs. IoT is a new system of thinking in which objects, animals or people are equipped with unique identifiers and transfer data a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and the Internet. The development of these technologies in environmental monitoring domains allows real-time data transmission and numerous low-cost monitoring points. We have designed a new device, the TreeTalker©, which is capable of measuring water transport in trees, diametrical growth, spectral characteristics of the leaves and microclimatic parameters and transmit data in semi-real time. Here we introduce the device’s features, provide an example of monitored data from a field test site and discuss the application of this new technology to tree monitoring in various contexts, from forest to urban green infrastructures management and ecological research.

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New tree monitoring systems: from Industry 4.0 to Nature 4.0

Agriculture provides a solution to the vast majority of problems that threaten human existence. When it comes to agriculture, new or contemporary technology can have a significant impact on a number of factors, including how much food is produced and how long it stays edible. The application of best management practices, for instance, is very common these days in the quest to improve agriculture. New hybrids are resistant to illnesses, use fewer pesticides, have natural defenses against pests, and may be grown in methods that minimize the number of diseases and pests that can affect them. Plants are capable of producing oxygen and medicines in addition to the food that they provide. Consequently, agriculture depends on plants that are in good health. A plant needs water, sunlight, and crucial fertilizer in order to receive the nutrients it needs to have a healthy plant. So, it is necessary to keep an eye on the health of the plant. The article discusses various technological solutions that can be implemented to automate the plant monitoring system. The Internet of Things and cloud computing are two technologies that are contributing to the development of intelligent technology by supplanting traditional agricultural practices. This clever device checks on the well-being of the plants. In order to enable intelligent agriculture, the technology relies on sensors that are dependent on IoT sensors. These sensors monitor the temperature, soil moisture, intensity of the sun's light, air quality value of the soil, vibration, and humidity in the immediate environment of the plant. The networking of these sensors ensures that the plant will continue to be healthy and will function in the appropriate manner. The findings that have been obtained up to this point are encouraging for the continuance of this strategy, which results in the highest possible profit for farmers. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-07 Full Text: PDF

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Emerging Technological Methods for Effective Farming by Cloud Computing and IoT

About 10% of the world’s workforce is directly dependent on agriculture for income and about 99% of food consumed by humans comes from farming. Agriculture is highly climate dependent and with global warming and rapidly changing weather it has become necessary to closely monitor the environment of growing crops for maximizing output as well as increasing food security while minimizing resource usage. In this study, we developed a low cost system which will monitor the temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture of crops and send it to an online server for storage and analysis, based on this data the system can control actuators to control the growth parameters. The three tier system architecture consists of sensors and actuators on the lower level followed by an 8-bit AVR microcontroller which is used for data acquisition and processing topped by an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module which communicates with the internet server. The system uses relay to control actuators such as pumps to irrigate the fields; online weather data is used to optimize the irrigation cycles. The prototyped system was subject to several tests, the experimental results express the systems reliability and accuracy which accentuate its feasibility in real-world applications.

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Internet of Things based Wireless Plant Sensor for Smart Farming

The proposed method deals with the study and analysis of ECG signal and thereafter the detection of heart abnormalities using LabVIEW Biomedical toolkit effectively. In the first phase, ECG signal is acquired which is then followed by filtering the raw ECG signal to remove unwanted noises. The next phase focuses on extracting the features from the acquired signal. Finally, different types of abnormalities particularly Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Tachycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Abnormal, Atrial Flutter and 1st degree AV Block are detected on the basis of features obtained. Thus the developed system predicts the heart abnormalities of a person, even before him/her consulting a doctor (preliminary investigation). The technique is user-friendly, low cost and hence anyone skeptic of heart problem can analyze his/her ECG using this efficient method.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M_Subashini/publication/269301330_LABVIEW_based_expert_system_for_detection_of_heart_abnormalities/links/551907730cf2d70ee27b7aad.pdf

Monica Subashini M

Papers

Internet of Things based Wireless Plant Sensor for Smart Farming

LABVIEW based expert system for detection of heart abnormalities