世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

Preface Introduction: Traditions of Nationhood in France and Germany I. The Institution of Citizenship 1. Citizenship as Social Closure 2. The French Revolution and the Invention of National Citizenship 3. State, State-System, and Citizenship in Germany II. Defining The Citizenry: The Bounds of Belonging 4. Citizenship and Naturalization in France and Germany 5. Migrants into Citizens: The Crystallization of Jus Soli in Late-Nineteenth-Century France 6. The Citizenry as Community of Descent: The Nationalization of Citizenship in Wilhelmine Germany 7. \"Etre Francais, Cela se Merite\": Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in France in the 1980s 8. Continuities in the German Politics of Citizenship Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany.

L'A. etudie la representation des prejudices. Il evalue la perception de la menace que les groupes subordonnes ferraient peser sur les groupes dominants. Il estime que les conditions economiques et l'importance des groupes subordonnes par rapport aux groupes dominants expliquent ce type de perception. Il note a partir de donneees europeennes des disparites entre les 12 sur ce plan precis. Cette perception de la menace « ethnique » expliquerait le sentiment de prejudice. L'A. invite aux vues de ses analyses a revoir celles du passe

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2096296.pdf

Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: population composition and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe

In this innovative book, a well-known feminist and sociologist-who is also the founding editor of Gender & Society-challenges our most basic assumptions about gender. Judith Lorber argues that gender is wholly a product of socialization, subject to human agency, organization, and interpretation, and that it is a social institution comparable to the economy, the family, and religion in its significance and consequences. Calling into question the inevitability and necessity of gender, she envisions a society structured for equality, where no gender, racial ethnic, or social class group is allowed to monopolize positions of power.

Paradoxes of gender

Until recently, issues surrounding ethnic-linked inequality, whether between Jews and Arabs or between Jewish ethnic groups, have dominated research on stratification in Israel to the exclusion of other dimensions. Rapidly growing inequality in Israeli society, and its intergenerational persistence, however, have generated several new trends in research. The chapters included in this volume represent the range and depth of recent developments in the study of social stratification, mobility, and inequality. Although they address a variety of issues, they have in common a focus on the institutional mechanisms that govern the allocation of rewards. The volume is divided into five parts: Part 1, "The Role of Education in the Stratification Process"; Part 2, "Class and Intergenerational Process"; Part 3, "The Ethnic Organization of the Labor Market"; Part 4, "Gender in the Stratification Process"; Part 5, "The State and the Stratification Process." Some chapters apply to Israel classical status attainment models and labor market research, developed primarily in American sociology, highlighting the peculiarities of Israeli society. Others start out with particular characteristics of Israeli society, most notably the centrality of the state apparatus, and explore their consequences for social stratification. Gender inequality inside and outside the military is examined as well as the issue of gender-related labor market inequality. Together these chapters provide a comprehensive picture of the structure of domination and subordination in various spheres of Israeli society, ranging from educational institutions to the labor market, housing, standard of living, and the cultural arena. This volume portrays the multiple dimensions of stratification and inequality in Israel by bringing together some of the most informative sociological research conducted during the past decade. It will be of particular interest to sociologists, social scientists, and students of Judaica.

Stratification in Israel: Class, Ethnicity, and Gender

This research explores the extent to which aggregate violence among players and spectators of soccer teams is affected by the urban ecology and the sports ecology in which the teams operate. Sports violence is viewed here as characteristic of the social system. The analysis focuses on 297 soccer teams in Israel, and demonstrates that violence in sports is systematically related to both the team’s urban ecology and sports ecology. First, teams representing communities of subordinate ethnic minorities are more violent than others. Second, teams competing in higher level (professional) divisions and teams at either the bottom or top of their division (high levels of competition) are more violent. Third, teams characterized by violent players are more likely to have violent spectators. Finally, the causal relation between player and spectator violence is asymmetric: players affect spectators’ violence but not vice versa. These findings are discussed and interpreted in light of sociological theory.

Ecology of Sports Violences: The Case of Israeli Soccer

This article examines the prevalence of household debt in middle and old age, in the context of rising consumption, the weakening welfare safety net, and the ‘democratization’ of credit. We aim to ...

Household debt in midlife and old age: A multinational study

Female labor force participation and its determinants in rural and urban China were examined. The sociological literature has demonstrated that participation tends to increase in urban and industrialized areas where women have higher levels of educations and fewer children where more workers are engaged in service professions and where family structure is less traditional. With the use of data on counties and cities (n=2377) from the 1% sample of the 1982 census of the Peoples Republic of China it was found that female labor force participation is likely to rise in areas with increased agricultural employment educational levels proportion of female-headed households and higher male-to-female sex ratios. Both the size of the service sector and the fertility rate had negligible effects on female labor force participation. Although on the average rural areas have slightly higher levels of female labor force participation urban areas actually have a higher rate of female participation when other variables are controlled. In addition the findings suggest that market factors such as education are more likely to determine the rate of female labor force participation in urban areas; in rural areas a more significant role is played by demographic and social factors such as sex ratio and household structure. (authors modified)

Female labor force participation in urban and rural China

The present study examines the hypotheses that progressive welfare-state policies are likely to increase women s labor force participation, but at the same time to increase both occupational segregation and earning gaps between economically active men and women. Using data from 20 industrialized countries (obtained from the Luxembourg Income Study), we combine both individual-level and country-level variables into one data file. The country-level variables pertain to a series of family oriented policies enacted by the state, and to the size of the public welfare sector. The data are analyzed to estimate the net effects of welfare state policies on female labor force participation, occupational segregation, and gender earnings inequality across the 20 countries. The analysis lends firm support to the hypothesis that progressive welfare policies are associated with higher rates of female labor force participation and with higher rates of gender-based occupational segregation but only limited support to the hypothesis that welfare-policies are likely to decrease gender inequality in earnings. The direct and indirect effects of welfare-state policies on earnings inequality obtained from multilevel regression models are discussed and re-evaluated in light of sociological theory.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/95395/1/472597108.pdf

Moshe Semyonov

Papers

Stratification in Israel: Class, Ethnicity, and Gender

Ecology of Sports Violences: The Case of Israeli Soccer

Household debt in midlife and old age: A multinational study

Female labor force participation in urban and rural China

The prevalence of welfare state policies and gender socioeconomic inequality: A comparative analysis