Daily reference evapotranspiration estimates by artificial neural networks technique and empirical equations using limited input climate variables

Precise measurement or estimation of evaporation losses is extremely important for the development of water resource management strategies and its effective implementation, particularly in drought-prone areas for increasing agricultural productivity. Evaporation can either be measured directly using evaporimeters, or it can be estimated by means of empirical models with the help of climatic factors influencing evaporation process. In general, variations in climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine and solar radiation influence and control the evaporation process to a great extent. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of evaporation phenomenon, it is invariably very difficult to model the evaporation process through climatic factors especially in diverse agro-climatic situations. The present investigation is carried out to examine the potential of deep neural network architecture with long short-term memory cell (Deep-LSTM) to estimate daily pan evaporation with minimum input features. Depending upon the availability of climatic data Deep-LSTM models with different input combinations are proposed to model daily evaporation losses in three agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh state in east-central India. The performance of the proposed Deep-LSTM models are compared with commonly used multilayer artificial neural network and empirical methods (Hargreaves and Blaney–Criddle). The results of the investigations in terms of various performance evaluation criteria reveal that the proposed Deep-LSTM structure is able to successfully model the daily evaporation losses with improved accuracy as compared to other models considered in this study.

Improved prediction of daily pan evaporation using Deep-LSTM model

A review of research from organizational behavior supported the guidelines by corporate planners: that is, use an explicit approach for setting objectives, generating strategies, evaluating strategies, monitoring results, and obtaining commitment. To determine whether these findings could be applied to strategic decision making in organizations, a review was made of all published field research on the evaluation of formal planning. Formal planning was superior in 10 of the 15 comparisons drawn from 12 studies, while informal planning was superior in only two comparisons. Although this research did not provide sufficient information on the use of various aspects of the planning process, mild support was provided for having participation by stakeholders. Formal planning tended to be more useful where large changes were involved, but, beyond that, little information was available to suggest when formal planning is most valuable. Future research should assess the formal planning process, the situation in which it is used, and its effects on the total system.

The value of formal planning for strategic decisions: review of empirical research

Uncertainty analysis of artificial intelligence modeling daily reference evapotranspiration in the northwest end of China

This paper aims to fill a gap in the literature of strategic management by providing a profile of organizations working in Egypt regarding their practice of strategic planning. Based upon responses from 120 organizations, the respondents have a positive attitude towards strategic planning.




There are relatively few significant differences in the findings between manufacturing and service organizations compared with the differences between local and foreign organizations and also between small and large organizations. Unexpectedly, a high percentage of the respondents are not familiar with some of what are seen as the traditional tools of strategic management.






Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The nature and practice of strategic planning in Egypt

A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could help improve their strategic decisions.

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SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature review

Malaysia is a tropical country with high rainfall rate. But there is increasing demand on water due to development. Also, global weather change makes the dry season longer and evaporation rate from impounding reservoirs higher. So, evaporation as a natural phenomenon contributes in reducing the availability of water for various uses. Estimation of evaporation can give an idea about the water losses from storage reservoirs and help in water management. In this study, the evaporation from Batu Dam Reservoir which is located at the Selangor state, Malaysia is estimated using selected models namely, the artificial neural networks (ANN) models and climate based models (Penman and Priestley-Taylor). Data acquired from dam authority was used to run theses models. Statistical tests conducted on the models output reveal that ANN-4 model is the best among the tested ANN models with the coefficient of efficiency (CE) of 90%. However, Priestley-Taylor model give better accuracy than Penman model with CE of 82%.

	 

	Key words: Evaporation, artificial neural network, modeling, humid region, Batu Dam Reservoir.

Prediction of evaporation in tropical climate using artificial neural network and climate based models

This paper investigates evaporation at Algardabiya Reservoir, Sirte, Libya Evaporation from Algardabiya Reservoir is the main problem faced which contributes in water loss Libya is considered as arid region with limited water resources Modeling of evaporation from the reservoir is crucial for water management at the area Three evaporation models, Linacre, DeBruin and Harbeck, were selected to predict reservoir evaporation, and meteorological data were input to the models from a weather station at the reservoir site Daily evaporation also was measured, and statistical tests were conducted to check model accuracy These tests showed that the models produced reasonable accuracy, with biases in model prediction of 65, 85 and 94 for the DeBruin, Linacre and Harbeck models, respectively Based on the model testing, the Linacre model can be used to predict evaporation from the Reservoir when available meteorological data are limited to air temperature only However, we recommend application of the DeBruin and Harbeck models when more meteorological data are available

Validation of Selected Models for Evaporation Estimation from Reservoirs Located in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Land cover and spatial variation of seasonal temperature may contribute to different evapotranspiration rates between the European regions. In order to assess the integral effect of land cover and climate on water resources, we implemented a procedure which allows defining favorability areas to high rate of evapotranspiration. Seasonal mean air temperature for the present (2011-2040) and future (2041-2070) combined with the seasonal crop coefficients of current future projections of land cover for the 2040s have been used to evaluate the various degrees of evapotranspiration at European scale. Extremely high and very high degree of evapotranspiration tendency were verified for Southern, Eastern, Western and Central of Europe during the mid-season period. The low and very low evapotranspiration favorability were found in the Scandinavian Peninsula and in the Alps, Dinarics, and Carpathian during the present period in all the seasons. In the cold season, the land cover favorability to evapotranspiration (LCFE) is low and very low in almost the whole Europe. These findings indicate that the southern and western regions of Europe are facing low water availability, decrease in surface water flow, and possible long periods of drought in the summers. Key-words: Crop coefficients, Climate change, Evapotranspiration favorability, Europe.

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Mostafa Ali Benzaghta

Papers

SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature review

Prediction of evaporation in tropical climate using artificial neural network and climate based models

Validation of Selected Models for Evaporation Estimation from Reservoirs Located in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Land cover and temperature implications for the seasonal evapotranspiration in europe

Climate change impact on crop evapotranspiration in Turkey during the 21st Century