Maximized multi-state compaction and more tolerance in memory state behavior is achieved through a flexible, self-consistent and self-adapting mode of detection, covering a wide dynamic range. For high density multi-state encoding, this approach borders on full analog treatment, dictating analog techniques including A to D type conversion to reconstruct and process the data. In accordance with the teachings of this invention, the memory array is read with high fidelity, not to provide actual final digital data, but rather to provide raw data accurately reflecting the analog storage state, which information is sent to a memory controller for analysis and detection of the actual final digital data.

Multi-state memory

Soft errors occur during normal use of a solid-state memory such as EEPROM or Flash EEPROM. A soft error results from the programmed threshold voltage of a memory cell being drifted from its originally intended level. The error is initially not readily detected during normal read until the cumulative drift becomes so severe that it develops into a hard error. Data could be lost if enough of these hard errors swamps available error correction codes in the memory. A memory device and techniques therefor are capable of detecting these drifts and substantially maintaining the threshold voltage of each memory cell to its intended level throughout the use of the memory device, thereby resisting the development of soft errors into hard errors.

Soft Errors Handling in EEPROM Devices

In order to maintain the integrity of data stored in a flash memory that are susceptible to being disturbed by operations in adjacent regions of the memory, disturb events cause the data to be read, corrected and re-written before becoming so corrupted that valid data cannot be recovered. The sometimes conflicting needs to maintain data integrity and system performance are balanced by deferring execution of some of the corrective action when the memory system has other high priority operations to perform. In a memory system utilizing very large units of erase, the corrective process is executed in a manner that is consistent with efficiently rewriting an amount of data much less than the capacity of a unit of erase.

Flash memory data correction and scrub techniques

A system for empirically diagnosing a condition of a monitored system. Estimates of monitored parameters from a model of the system provide residual values that can be analyzed for failure mode signature recognition. Residual values can also be tested for alert (non-zero) conditions, and patterns of alerts thus generated are analyzed for failure mode signature patterns. The system employs a similarity operator for signature recognition and also for parameter estimation. Failure modes are empirically determined, and precursor data is automatically analyzed to determine differentiable signatures for failure modes.

Diagnostic systems and methods for predictive condition monitoring

Operational status information associated with a process entity in a process plant(10) is received. The operational status information is mapped into one of a plurality of status conditions. Then, an alert message associated with the process entity is generated, where the alert message is indicative of the one status condition of the plurality of status conditions.

Integrated alert generation in a process plant

An exhaust gas recirculation type gas turbine apparatus includes a compressor for compressing air, a combustion chamber for burning fuel and compression air exhausted from the compressor, a gas turbine driven by exhaust gas from the combustion chamber, a recirculation path for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas to an intake of the compressor, a recirculation amount control unit for adjusting the amount of exhaust gas to be returned to the intake of the compressor corresponding to a change in load of the gas turbine, and a spray unit for introducing liquid droplets into the interior of the compressor in which mixing gas, consisting of gas turbine exhaust gas passing through the recirculation path and air, flows so as to vaporize the introduced liquid droplets appearing to flow in the compressor.

Exhaust gas recirculation type combined plant

A gas turbine, a combined cycle plant and compressor by which both augmentation of the power output and augmentation of the thermal efficiency can be realized by injecting liquid droplets into inlet air introduced into an entrance of a compressor with simple equipment which is suitable for practical use. The gas turbine includes a compressor for taking in and compressing gas, a combustor in which fuel is combusted with the gas discharged from the compressor, and a turbine driven by the combusted gas of the combustor. The gas turbine further includes a liquid droplet injection device provided on the upstream side of the compressor for injecting liquid droplets into inlet air to be supplied into the entrance of the compressor to lower the temperature of the inlet air to be introduced into the compressor so that the injected liquid droplets may be evaporated while flowing through the compressor.

Gas turbine, combined cycle plant and compressor

The component residual life evaluation system determines 3 respective residual life values using experimentally determined aging data for the component characteristics and experimentally determined aging data for the appts function and both of these The shorter of the 3 obtained residual life values is selected for the output residual life value Pref the residual life calculations are obtained for a number of individual components and for the associated appts as a whole USE/ADVANTAGE - Power station Gives clear display of remaining life of separate parts of aggregate

Component residual life evaluation system - determines residual life using different data with selection of shortest residual life value

In a method for determining a remaining lifetime of an aggregate constructed of a plurality of components and having at least one function, and an apparatus thereof, a first remaining lifetime of the aggregate is acquired based upon experimental aging degradation data on one characteristic of at least one component of the aggregate; a second remaining lifetime of the aggregate is acquired based upon experimental aging data with respect to at least one function of the aggregate; a third remaining lifetime of the aggregate is acquired based on both the experimental aging degradation data on the one characteristic of at least one component of the aggregate and the experimental aging data on at least one function of the aggregate; and, a remaining lifetime having the shortest lifetime from the first through third remaining lifetimes is output as the remaining lifetime of the aggregate.

Method for diagnosing a remaining lifetime, apparatus for diagnosing a remaining lifetime, method for displaying remaining lifetime data, display apparatus and expert system

A gas turbine comprises a compressor for compressing a gas supplied therein and discharging the compressed gas, a combustor in which the discharged gas from the compressor and a fuel are combusted, a turbine to be driven by a combustion gas from the combustor, and a water injection unit which injects water into the gas to be supplied to the compressor, thereby lowering the temperature of the gas to be introduced into the compressor to a temperature lower than the atmospheric temperature, and causing water droplets having been injected in the gas and within the compressor to be vaporized while flowing down therein, wherein the quantity of water spray injection is controlled while monitoring operational conditions of the gas turbine.

Motoaki Utamura

Papers

Exhaust gas recirculation type combined plant

Gas turbine, combined cycle plant and compressor

Component residual life evaluation system - determines residual life using different data with selection of shortest residual life value

Method for diagnosing a remaining lifetime, apparatus for diagnosing a remaining lifetime, method for displaying remaining lifetime data, display apparatus and expert system

Gas turbine with water injection