Investigation of PAPR Reduction Technique Using TRC-SLM Integration

Abstract In this paper, a curve approximation approach using bio-inspired polar coordinate bald eagle search algorithm (PBES) is proposed. PBES algorithm is inspired by the spiral mechanism of bald eagle during predation. By introducing polar coordinate, the spiral predation process of the bald eagle will become more intuitive, which is more conducive for the algorithm to polar coordinate optimization problems. The initialization stage of PBES algorithm is modified to make the distribution of initialized individuals more uniform and some parameters are introduced to strengthen the exploration and exploitation capabilities of algorithm. The performance of the PBES algorithm is tested in three aspects: polar coordinate transcendental equation, curve approximation and robotic manipulator. The experimental results show that the PBES algorithm is superior to the well-known metaheuristic algorithms as it is effectively applicable for curve approximation problem. 

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A Curve Approximation Approach Using Bio-inspired Polar Coordinate Bald Eagle Search Algorithm

Bald Eagle Search optimization (BES) is introduced recently, which mimics the bald eagles' hunting and food searching behaviour. The capability of a BES algorithm is enhanced in this paper by avoiding local optima stagnation and premature convergence problems. The BES algorithm is modified to enhance the performance of the algorithm and the modified algorithm is called the Self Adaptive Bald Eagle Search (SABES) algorithm. Dynamic‐opposite Learning (DOL) method is invoked in the initialization phase to increase the population diversity and convergence speed. To find better global solutions, the exploitation capability of the SBES algorithm is enhanced by considering the dynamic‐opposite solutions. In addition, the algorithmic parameter values of the BES algorithm have been determined using the linear and non‐linear time‐varying adaption strategy to create a balance between the search abilities which promotes the overall performance of the algorithm. The performance of the SABES algorithm is validated by comparing the results of 50 benchmark functions and CEC2017 functions with different erstwhile algorithms. The proposed algorithm achieves the best results in 80% of the benchmark functions, whereas the BES only gets the best results in 56% of functions. For the CEC2017, the SABES algorithm achieves optimal results for 20 functions which are highest in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are checked using the 15 CEC2020 competition real‐world single‐objective constrained optimization problems. The SABES achieves a 100% success rate and 100% feasibility rate in comparison to other well‐regarded algorithms. The statistical significance of the algorithm has been proved using Friedman's mean rank and Wilcoxon sign rank test.

A Self‐adaptive Bald Eagle Search optimization algorithm with dynamic opposition‐based learning for global optimization problems

/pdf/reduction-of-papr-in-mimo-ofdm-using-adaptive-slm-and-pts-l6q0jqvl9b.pdf

Reduction of papr in mimo-ofdm using adaptive slm and pts technique

Communication systems have been used tremendously in recent years which results in the need for high data transmission rates. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides robust performance in frequency selective fading due to high bandwidth efficiency and inter-symbol interference. Various optimization techniques were applied in existing research to increase the efficiency of OFDM in a communication system. The existing research has a limitation of considering a single objective to improve the efficiency of OFDM and also has a local optima trap. This research proposes a Multi-Objective Mayfly algorithm (MOMF) to consider multi-objective and provides a proper trade-off between exploration and exploitation. The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) is applied in the model to test the performance. The FFT sizes and modulation orders are varied to evaluate the performance of the MOMF technique in phase optimization. The MOMF technique effectively increases the performance of the model than other existing optimization techniques. The MOMF technique provides a non-dominated solution to escape from local optima trap. The MOMF model considers PAPR, BER, and SER in MIMO-OFDM system to increase the efficiency of the system. The exploration-exploitation trade-off helps to improve the convergence and overcome local optima trap. The MOMF in OFDM phase optimization was evaluated using BER, SER, and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) metrics. The MOMF method has PAPR of 3.95 dB and PSO-GWO method has 4.92 dB of PAPR.
ABSTRAK: Sistem komunikasi telah digunakan secara meluas sejak beberapa tahun ini dan dapatan kajian menunjukkan keperluan pada kadar transmisi data yang tinggi. Pemultipleksan Bahagian Frekuensi Ortogon (OFDM) menyediakan prestasi berkesan dalam pemilihan pemudaran frekuensi berdasarkan keberkesanan lebar jalur tinggi dan gangguan antara-simbol. Pelbagai teknik optimum digunakan pada kajian sebelum ini bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan OFDM dalam sistem komunikasi. Kajian tersebut mempunyai kekurangan dalam memilih satu objektif bagi membaiki keberkesanan OFDM dan juga mempunyai perangkap optima setempat. Kajian ini mencadangkan algoritma Mayfly Objektif-Pelbagai (MOMF) bagi memilih objektif-pelbagai dan menyediakan keseimbangan yang wajar antara eksplorasi dan eksploitasi. Urutan Pancar Separa (PTS) telah digunakan dalam model ini bagi menguji prestasi. Saiz FFT dan turutan modulasi dipelbagaikan bagi menguji keberkesanan teknik MOMF pada fasa pengoptimuman. Teknik MOMF dengan berkesan menaikkan prestasi model ini berbanding teknik-teknik sedia ada yang lain. Teknik MOMF menyediakan solusi kepada teknik bukan-dominasi bagi mengelak perangkap optima setempat. Model MOMF ini mengambil kira PAPR, BER, dan SER dalam sistem MIMO-OFDM bagi meningkatkan kecekapan sistem. Keseimbangan yang wajar antara eksplorasi-eksploitasi membantu dalam membaiki penumpuan dan mengatasi perangkap optima setempat. MOMF dalam fasa optimanisasi OFDM telah dinilai menggunakan BER, SER, dan matrik Nisbah Kuasa Puncak-kepada-Purata (PAPR). Kaedah MOMF mempunyai nilai PAPR sebanyak 3.95 dB dan kaedah PSO-GWO mempunyai PAPR 4.92 dB.

Multi-Objective Mayfly Optimization in Phase Optimization of OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered as one of the most significant transmission methodologies of the recent past Moreover, it permits easy demodulation and modulation To find the new OFDM-based waveform to be used in fifth generation which is one of the foremost open issues for wireless networks of the next generation In addition, the OFDM is affected by the maximum Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) In order to minimize these problems, this paper proposed a Twin Symbol Hybrid Optimization used as a basis of the Partial Transmit Sequence (TSHO-PTS) method of Cyclic Prefix-OFDM (CP-OFDM) This CP-OFDM achieves the requirements of 5G telecommunication standards Moreover, the exhaustive searching for optimal phase factors might increase the computational cost of PTS To beat this problem, a hybrid version of slap swarm optimization (SSO) and Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm is introduced to investigate the phase factor optimally by the PTS method Digital chaotic sequences are used to ensure the physical layer security during the data transmission scheme for the Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) subcarrier allocation The simulation takes place in the MATLAB platform, and the performances are evaluated by several performance metrics like Complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), Bit Error Rate (BER), and computational complexity The performance of the proposed model is compared with various existing approaches and previous works From the implemented results, the proposed strategy achieved less (5 dB) PAPR, minimum (10–8) BER, less processing time (018 s) than the existing schemes, and hence the complexity also very low (7%) than others

PAPR reduction using twin symbol hybrid optimization-based PTS and multi-chaotic-DFT sequence-based encryption in CP-OFDM system

Security aware hybrid precoding based peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction Approaches for telecommunication systems

In this paper we present a simple convolution encoder that is implemented over mixed signals of various types of real number values. We make use of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique for the band pass modulation methods. Here we also make use of the multiband OFDM transmitter that consists of blocks performing IFFT, interleaving, puncturing of sequences and modulation using orthogonal sequences. The main purpose of our paper is to set a basic example of working with higher error correcting codes over real number sequences directly using Fourier transforms and implement it through the noisy AWGN channel using the latest OFDM technique.[1]

Mixed-signal convolutional encoder for a MB-OFDM transmitter

Fifth generation systems are required to fulfill the objectives like compatibility, flexibility, high speed data rate and low cost. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) use WCDMA as the air interface for 4th generation mobile system. The performance of wireless communication
 system is often limited by the radio channel models. In urban areas, channel is modeled as Rayleigh fading channel. This channel causes multipath channels and other problems resulting degraded performance. Hence, channel estimation before receiver helps to receive the transmitted signal using
 rake receiver. Rake receiver is a conventional receiver for DS-CDMA system. In this, channel is estimated adaptively using LMS algorithm and performance of this algorithm is studied for various multipath channels and step sizes. Moreover, the channel introduces Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)
 and channel equalizers are used to compensate for the ISI. In this work, BER vs. SNR performance of Zero Forcing Equalizer (ZFE), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and MMSE- Decision Feedback Equalizer (MMSE-DFE) in WCDMA downlink system are compared with conventional rake receiver for various
 spread factors in Rayleigh multipath fading channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise.

Analysis of data transmission scheme for wide band code division multiple access with rake receiver

In previous work, MPC(Modified Packet Combining) and PRPC(Packet Reverse Packet Combining) schemes are understood to offer higher throughput and better error correction capability at high bit error rate (BER) and large packet size only. An analysis was performed to corroborate this claim of higher throughput and better error correction capability in high as well as in low bit error rate (BER) for large and medium packet size. To pacification high bit error rate some researchers proposed to use Error Correction Code (ECC) in place of Error Detection Code (EDC) in ARQ scheme. But no incontrovertible result is found to justify the idea in terms of throughput. The recent investigation is an attempt to analyze the throughput. In this paper, we investigate the analysis of both PRPC and MPC in a Modified way over Conventional PRPC, and report the findings available. We propose a combined protocol of Modified PRPC and MPC, and find that it will offer higher throughput and better error correction capability at high and low BER with medium and large packet size as we have used MPC (Modified Packet Combining) scheme with PRPC (Packet Reverse Packet Combining) scheme in a Modified way by combining BEC (Backward Error Correction) with FEC (Forward Error Correction) Codes especially Space-Time Ring-Trellis Coded Modulation (ST-RTCM) code for Communication and Networks by using MATLAB TM software.

Mrinmoy Sarkar

Papers

PAPR reduction using twin symbol hybrid optimization-based PTS and multi-chaotic-DFT sequence-based encryption in CP-OFDM system

Security aware hybrid precoding based peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction Approaches for telecommunication systems

Mixed-signal convolutional encoder for a MB-OFDM transmitter

Analysis of data transmission scheme for wide band code division multiple access with rake receiver

An Enhanced Scheme for Using Error Correction Codes in ARQ Protocol