Allan Schore has for some 15 years written about the processes underlying affect regulation in normal and abnormal self-development and attachment His best known book entitled Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development, published in 1994, was the first coherent attempt to integrate the then recent findings of neurobiology with clinical observations in children and adults and brought down barriers that had impeded the understanding of the self and its disorders In the present volume, Schore incorporates the vast amount of data from neurosciences since 1994 and presents the reader with a truly compelling theoretical synthesis of this literature

In part I, there are 4 chapters on developmental affective neuroscience They deal with the contribution experience expectant vs experience dependent phenomena make to the development of affect regulation The former are primarily gene dependent (eg, the CNS of a newborn is equipped to function well in infants who live within a reasonably safe environment and are exposed to gradual rather than violent changes) while the latter are dependent on the care taking practices the child is exposed to One example cited is the affective transmissions in mutual gaze transactions between infants and their mothers These affective parental responses are the first means by which mothers can provide a model of affect modulation to their infants (eg, mother senses when her baby is becoming overstimulated and will respond by decreasing her own stimulation, leading to calming the infant) Such soothing behaviors will secondarily effect the maturation of the orbitofrontal cortex and strengthen its regulatory abilities Attachment behavior is likewise based on the reciprocal activation of the couple’s endogenous opiate systems but also regulates the dopamine levels in the infant’s brain Schore brings these and other interdisciplinary findings together by citing the available evidence and at times even presenting colored PET or fMRI scans to make his point

In part II, 5 chapters deal with developmental neuropsychiatric data and their relevance on development of the right brain, secure attachment relationships and on symptoms of PTSD, borderline and antisocial personality disorders Here again, Schore cites studies that explain important psychological processes through neuropsychiatric data For example, he cites evidence that in the context of face-to-face interactions, mothers trigger production of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in their infants The CRF, in turn raises the concentration of noradrenaline, increasing general energy metabolism but also controls endorphin and ACTH production, leading to an elated state in the infant

When it comes to PTSD and other well-defined psychiatric disorders, the overall picture becomes more complicated For example, Schore claims that PTSD is related to the inability of the right prefrontal cortex to sufficiently modulate amygdala (ie, aggressive) functions The fact that this also occurs in children with a disorganized disoriented insecure attachment pattern is then seen as proof that this particular early maternal caretaking pattern contributes to later dissociative psychopathology One could counter that proposition by pointing out that elevated cortisol levels are important for overall stress management – but that prenatally elevated levels, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy, have been found to be especially pathogenic as they effect the developing brain at its most critical time However, high cortisol levels can be caused by a variety of conditions Intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a common condition associated in children born with ‘small gestational age’ (SGA) It is innately stressful for the infant, hence associated with elevated prenatal cortisol levels that are not associated to later maternal attachment patterns Aggressive behavior disorders are also described as a consequence of a right brain system impaired for regulating aggressive affective states Here it is said to be the low arousal state characteristic for antisocial and aggressive individuals that such individuals try to increase back to optimal or normal levels by seeking stimulation While this may be one pathway leading to aggressive behavior disorders, there are authors such as Tremblay and colleagues in Montreal who claim that all young children are highly aggressive and must “unlearn” this behavior in the process of development Those who do not or cannot do so will make up our clinical population

In summary, the present volume of Allan Schore provides the reader with a provocative and stimulating theoretical synthesis of multi-disciplinary work that relates affect regulation to the development of the self and its deviations Schore’s writing style is almost poetic and transforms potentially dry data into an exciting story of discovery and multidisciplinary dependency He also suggests, at least indirectly, preventive measures that can address the problem of violence and other dysfunctions of the developing self in children through optimal early social-emotional experiences I highly recommend this volume to researchers and clinicians

Affect Dysregulation and Disorders of the Self

The present study examined excessive Internet use of Taiwanese adolescents and a psychological aspect of users, sensation seeking, thus to differentiate motivation of Internet dependents and non-dependents. Seven hundred and fifty three Taiwanese high school students were selected using cluster sampling and 88 of them were categorized as Internet dependent users. Results indicated that Internet dependents spent more time on-line than non-dependents. While Internet dependents perceived significantly more negative Internet influences on daily routines, school performance, and parental relation than non-dependents, both Internet dependents and non-dependents viewed Internet use as enhancing peer relations. Making friends through the Internet has become a popular activity among adolescents, potentially leading to its excessive use. Internet dependents scored significantly higher on overall sensation seeking and disinhibition than Internet non-dependents. However, both groups did not differ in the life experience seeking subscale and thrill and adventure seeking subscale. This finding contradicts that of Lavin, Marvin, McLarney, Nola, and Scott [CyberPsychol. Behav. 2 (2000) 425]. Possible reasons for this discrepancy and for the relation between Internet dependence and disinhibition in Taiwanese adolescents are also discussed.

Sensation Seeking and Internet Dependence of Taiwanese High School Adolescents

This paper presents a comparative account of unsupervised and supervised learning models and their pattern classification evaluations as applied to the higher education scenario. Classification plays a vital role in machine based learning algorithms and in the present study, we found that, though the error back-propagation learning algorithm as provided by supervised learning model is very efficient for a number of non-linear real-time problems, KSOM of unsupervised learning model, offers efficient solution and classification in the present study.

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Comparison of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Algorithms for Pattern Classification

dissociation in children and adolescents a developmental dissociation in children and adolescents a developmental guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of dissociation in children and adolescents a developmental e.b.o.o.k dissociation in children and adolescents: a dissociation and criminal responsibility: a developmental dissociation in children and adolescents as reaction to the treatment of dissociation in sexually abused children child dissociative checklist (cdc), version 3 ce-credit adolescent ptsd and dissociative disorders trauma recovery trauma & dissociation resource list relational trauma, brain development, and dissociation child and adolescent estd chapter 2 dissociative disorder in children and adolescents dissociative behavior in early adolescence: a vol 3 chapter 7 adolescent problems asch development of dissociation and development of the self european society for trauma & dissociation, uk network mythssummary sk bb teachtrauma psychopathology, 2 nd edition chapter 14 | dissociative chapter 10 assessment of pediatric posttraumatic stress resources for the clinical treatment of dissociative responses looking at early years education and care nolia wcat1936-15211536-153xjournal of child & adolescent trauma guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of complex trauma in children and adolescents trauma center home care services boscos the effects of trauma on children and adolescents wear a silver ribbonrecommended readings: how to get help section i – adoption, attachment, foster section ii aacc-restoring the shattered self-pdf heathergingrich dissociation following traumatic medical treatment program outline complex trauma southeast institute for understanding adolescent development and child trauma developmental psychology european journal of fitness and your health nownfc children and adolescents, trauma and disasters windows post traumatic stress disorder1 symptoms of ptsd: re psychiatric annals 2 harris county, texas a passion for birds eliot porters photography boscos

Dissociation in Children and Adolescents: A Developmental Perspective

Health care organizations are leveraging machine-learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), to improve delivery of care at a reduced cost. Applications of ANN to diagnosis are well-known; however, ANN are increasingly used to inform health care management decisions. We provide a seminal review of the applications of ANN to health care organizational decision-making. We screened 3,397 articles from six databases with coverage of Health Administration, Computer Science and Business Administration. We extracted study characteristics, aim, methodology and context (including level of analysis) from 80 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Articles were published from 1997–2018 and originated from 24 countries, with a plurality of papers (26 articles) published by authors from the United States. Types of ANN used included ANN (36 articles), feed-forward networks (25 articles), or hybrid models (23 articles); reported accuracy varied from 50% to 100%. The majority of ANN informed decision-making at the micro level (61 articles), between patients and health care providers. Fewer ANN were deployed for intra-organizational (meso- level, 29 articles) and system, policy or inter-organizational (macro- level, 10 articles) decision-making. Our review identifies key characteristics and drivers for market uptake of ANN for health care organizational decision-making to guide further adoption of this technique.

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Applications of artificial neural networks in health care organizational decision-making: A scoping review

The objective of this study is to compare the predictive ability of Bayesian regularization with Levenberg–Marquardt Artificial Neural Networks. To examine the best architecture of neural networks, the model was tested with one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-neuron architectures, respectively. MATLAB (2011a) was used for analyzing the Bayesian regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithms. It is concluded that the Bayesian regularization training algorithm shows better performance than the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The advantage of a Bayesian regularization artificial neural network is its ability to reveal potentially complex relationships, meaning it can be used in quantitative studies to provide a robust model.

Predictive Abilities of Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithms in Artificial Neural Networks: A Comparative Empirical Study on Social Data

The main aim of the research was to examine educational use of Facebook. The Computer Networks and Communication lesson was taken as the sample and the attitudes of the students included in the study group towards Facebook were measured in a semi-experimental setup. The students on Facebook platform were examined for about three months and they continued their education interactively in that virtual environment. After the-three-month-education period, observations for the students were reported and the attitudes of the students towards Facebook were measured by three different measurement tools. As a result, the attitudes of the students towards educational use of Facebook and their views were heterogeneous. When the average values of the group were examined, it was reported that the attitudes towards educational use of Facebook was above a moderate level. Therefore, it might be suggested that social networks in virtual environments provide continuity in life long learning.

An Applied Study on Educational Use of Facebook as a Web 2.0 Tool: The Sample Lesson of Computer Networks and Communication

The main aim of this study is the comparative examination of the factor structures, corrected item-total correlations, and Cronbach-alpha internal consistency coefficients obtained by different methods used in imputation for missing values in conditions of not having missing values, and having missing values of different rates in terms of testing the construct validity of a scale. The research group of the study, which is of a basic research, consists of 200 teacher candidates who attended the Department of Elementary Education at Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences during the 2008-2009 Academic Year's spring term. The data were gathered by the Fatalism Scale (Sekercioglu, 2008), and exploratory factor analysis based on principal component analysis method was used. The findings showed that the "single factor" structure of the scale, whose construct validity was examined in the context of the study, was also found as "single factor" when it was obtained by the original data set having no missing values in situations of imputation for missing values with different methods whereas it also caused decrease in explained variance for imputation for missing values. A similar decrease was also seen in eigenvalues and Cronbach-alpha internal consistency coefficients. Key Words Missing Value, Imputation, Construct Validity, Reliability. There are incomplete data in many study contexts. These empty or unanswered values in data sets are named missing values (data), and are of a problem most researchers face. Even though researchers try to get complete data sets, it would not be wrong to imply that this problem is frequently faced in situations that participants' data are gathered by scales based on the self-report technique. Missing data may occur from various reasons. For instance, accidentally, participants might leave some questions unanswered in long questionnaires; mechanical failures may cause unrecorded data in experimental processes or procedures or the research may be about a sensitive issue (for instance, sexual behavior), and the participants may use their right not to answer these sorts of questions (Field, 2005). Garson (2008) groups these reasons as fatigue, sensitivity, lack of knowledge, and other reasons, adding that there can also be missing data caused by missing records in some information obtained from archives. In addition to these reasons, as stated by Van der Ark and Vermunt (2007), there might be respondents who cannot get to some questions in speed tests because of the lack of time. Additionally, the respondents may leave some questions unmarked for they may not know the answer or avoid predicting in the performance tests (Finch & Margraf, 2008). To sum up, scales aiming to determine the cognitive, affective, and behavioral qualities might include missing values based on the reasons mentioned above which may affect the validity and reliability of the scores obtained from such scales. The seriousness of the missing value problem varies depending on the fact that it has a pattern or not, to what extent the data have missing values, and why they appear as missing. It is a more serious problem for the missing values to have a pattern than the amount of the missing values (SPSS, 2007; Tabachnick & Fidell, 1996). If there are few missing values performing a random pattern in large data sets, the problem is not so serious and using different methods in removing missing values will cause similar results. However, having many missing values in small and medium size data sets causes serious problems. Unfortunately, there is not a criterion in the situations when deciding how many missing values will be tolerated for which sample sizes (Tabachnick &Fidell, 1996). Researchers may use alternative methods in handling missing values. It is possible to study these methods under three basic groups: Defining one or More Value(s) instead of the Missing Value, and Excluding These Data from Analysis: It can be defined in computer programs that a datum is a missing value for a participant. …

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The Effects of Methods of Imputation for Missing Values on the Validity and Reliability of Scales.

Bu calismanin oncelikli amaci, Turkce internet bagimlilik olcegi gelistirmek ve orneklem bulgularindanyola cikarak Turkiye’deki internet bagimlilik profilini betimlemektir. Calismanin orneklemini, ortaogretim kademesindeki754 ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Olcek besli likert tipinde olup, 35 maddeden olusmaktadir. Olcegin puanlanmasinda; bireylerinbagimlilik durumlari hakkinda daha detayli sonuclar elde edebilmek icin siniflandirma tekniklerinden “Iki AsamaliKumeleme Analizi” teknigi uygulanmistir. Olcegin Cronbach alfa (a) ic tutarlik katsayisi .944 olarak bulunmustur. Bucalismada, yapi gecerligi icin acimlayici (exploratory) faktor analizi, elde edilen faktor yapisinin dogrulugunu test etmek icinde dogrulayici (confirmatory) faktor analizi yontem olarak belirlenmistir. Olcek dort alt faktorden olusmaktadir. Bu dortfaktor; “Yoksunluk”, “Kontrol Guclugu”, “Islevsellikte Bozulma” ve “Sosyal Izolasyon” olarak adlandirilmistir. Olcegeiliskin toplam aciklanan varyans %47,463 olarak bulunmustur. Bu calismada, 754 bireyden 76’si (%10,1) internet bagimlisiolarak tespit edilmistir

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/87470

Türkiye’de İnternet Bağımlılık Profili Ve İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik-Güvenirlik Çalışması

An improved version of atom search optimization (ASO) algorithm is proposed in this paper The search capability of ASO was improved by using simulated annealing (SA) algorithm as an embedded part of it The proposed hybrid algorithm was named as hASO-SA and used for optimizing nonlinear and linearized problems such as training multilayer perceptron (MLP) and proportional-integral-derivative controller design for DC motor speed regulation as well as testing benchmark functions of unimodal, multimodal, hybrid and composition types The obtained results on classical and CEC2014 benchmark functions were compared with other metaheuristic algorithms, including two other SA-based hybrid versions, which showed the greater capability of the proposed approach In addition, nonparametric statistical test was performed for further verification of the superior performance of hASO-SA In terms of MLP training, several datasets were used and the obtained results were compared with respective competitive algorithms The results clearly indicated the performance of the proposed algorithm to be better For the case of controller design, the performance evaluation was performed by comparing it with the recent studies adopting the same controller parameters and limits as well as objective function The transient, frequency and robustness analysis demonstrated the superior ability of the proposed approach In brief, the comparative analyses indicated the proposed algorithm to be successful for optimization problems with different nature

Murat Kayri

Papers

Predictive Abilities of Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithms in Artificial Neural Networks: A Comparative Empirical Study on Social Data

An Applied Study on Educational Use of Facebook as a Web 2.0 Tool: The Sample Lesson of Computer Networks and Communication

The Effects of Methods of Imputation for Missing Values on the Validity and Reliability of Scales.

Türkiye’de İnternet Bağımlılık Profili Ve İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik-Güvenirlik Çalışması

A New Fusion of ASO with SA Algorithm and Its Applications to MLP Training and DC Motor Speed Control