미국의 “전국 수학 교사 협의회”(National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, NCTM)는 1989년부터 〈학교 수학의 교육과정과 평가 규준〉(1989), 〈수학 가르침(교수)의 전문성 규준〉(1991), 〈학교 수학의 평가(시험) 규준〉(NCTM, 1995), 〈학교 수학의 원리와 규준〉(2000)을 출판하여 미국의 수학 교육 의 전망(목표, 나아갈 길)과 규준(실행 지침)을 제시하였다. 수학 교사들로 구성된 미국의 NCTM은 학생, 학부모, 학교 행정가 등 많은 사람들과 힘을 합하여 모든 학생들에게 수준 높은 수학 교육을 받을 수 있는 여건(환경, 기회)을 조성하는 데 구심점의 역할을 하였다. 한편 많은 관련 단체들은 여러 배경과 능력을 가진 학생들이 전문성을 지닌 교사(특수 교사를 일컫는 밀이 아니다. 수학 교과를 이해하고 수학의 전문성과 특수성을 가르칠 수 있는 일반 교사를 일컫는 말이다.)로부터 미래를 대비해 평등하고, 진취적이며, 지원이 잘 이루어지고, 공학 도구(IT)가 잘 갖춰진 환경에서 중요한 수학적 아이디어를 이해하면서 학습할 수 있는 수학 교실(미국에서는 우리나라처럼 수학 교사가 수학 시간에 학생의 방(교실: Homeroom)에 찾아가지 않고 학생들이 선생의 방(수학 교실: Classroom)을 찾아온다. 전형적인 수학 교실의 사진은 2쪽에 나와 있다.)을 만들기 위해 함께 힘썼다. NCTM에서 출간한 여러 규준들은 우리나라의 제6차와 제7차 교육과정에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이 글에서는 NCTM(2000)에서 제시한 학습 원리를 간단히 살펴본 다음 이를 중심으로 현재 미국 수학 교육의 교수ㆍ학습 이론의 동향을 살펴본다.

미국 NCTM의 Principles and Standards for School Mathematics에 나타난 수학과 교수,학습의 이론

One of the important affective factors for students in mathematics learning is self-efficacy. The students should have high mathematics self-efficacy. So, it can support the success of learning process. The facts that indicated the low of students’ mathematics self-efficacy, encouraging the efforts to improve self-efficacy through the improvement of the learning process. One of them is by applying the problem based learning approach. This research was a classroom action research by applying problem based learning approach to improve students’ mathematics self-efficacy. The classroom action research was done in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The findings of this research revealed that the problem based learning approach could improve student’s mathematics self-efficacy. At the end of the first cycle, the students’ mathematics self-efficacy was still in the medium category and increased at the end of the second cycle, which students’ mathematics self-efficacy has been in high category.

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Improving students’ mathematics self-efficacy through problem based learning

The study aims to know the effectiveness of mathematics teaching material used based on ethnomathematics toward mathematical solving problem skill and student critical thinking and to know how student activity on mathematics learning by applying mathematics teaching material based on ethnomathematics. Research method applies a quantitative method with post-test only control design research type. Sampling technique applies cluster random sampling. Data collection technique applies documentation, observation, and test method. Data analysis technique applies quantitative data analysis by using t-test. Based on data analysis result, mathematics teaching material based on ethnomathematics proves effective toward solving problem skill and student mathematical critical thinking. Besides, by applying mathematics teaching material can raise student activity.

http://ijtmer.saintispub.com/index.php/ijtmer/article/download/8/8

The Effectiveness of Mathematics Teaching Material Based on Ethnomathematics

This study aims to obtain a description of the application of Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) that can improve students' mathematical communication ability. The type of research used is a classroom action research that refers to the design of Kemmis and Mc.Taggart research they are planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed that Implementation of mathematics learning with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach that can improve mathematical communication ability is a mathematics learning that has been done in accordance with RME characteristics, That is: use of real context (teacher presents a contextual problem and ask the student to understand the given problem). use of mathematical models (the students modeling by using props to solve problem), use of student production and construction in learning (the teacher gives opportunity to all students to solve the problem, and invite students to deliver the answer), existence of interaction (interaction occurs between teacher and students, and between student one with another), and the existence of integration (combines one unit of mathematics with other units also have integrated with other scientific fields).

https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/mjml/article/download/741/471

The effect of realistic mathematics education on student's mathematical communication ability

The development of algebra teaching materials to foster students’ creative thinking skills in higher education

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1363/1/012061/pdf

Technology Application In Education And Learning Process

Various studies showed that there are some points which affect students’ achievement; one of them is mathematics self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is feeling, trust, and confidence of affective behavior of students toward their ability. In learning process, the students find obstacles in solving their problem such as relating one representation to another representation. Previous studies indicated that students’ achievement of mathematical representation ability have obstacles because the students did not understand relationship between concepts, ideas, and materials to be represented. The other studies claimed that the higher students’ self-efficacy, the higher mathematical multiple representation ability (MMRA). It means that self-efficacy has positive correlation with mathematic ability. This article will discuss about role of mathematics self-efficacy toward ability achievement of mathematical multiple representation ability (MMRA) in solving mathematics problem in order to increase students’ achievement.

/pdf/role-of-self-efficacy-toward-students-achievement-in-3kzyfhcss9.pdf

Role of Self-Efficacy Toward Students’ Achievement in Mathematical Multiple Representation Ability (MMRA)

Students' mathematical communication is stated to be low because students learn by listening and seeing the teacher solve mathematical problems and students have difficulty in expressing everyday events in mathematical models. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) type of cooperative learning model on students' mathematical communication skills better than using scientific learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of research Quasi-Experimental Design and the design of this research The Nonequivalent Postets-Only Control Group Design. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Nisam, while the samples were class VIIIB as the experimental class and class VIII-A as the control class with the sampling technique of purposive sampling. The data collection technique in this study used a mathematical communication ability test. The data analysis was carried out for the mathematical communication ability test using the t-test because the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, the data were processed using SPSS 18 software and the hypothesis test results were obtained with a significant value of 0.000 less than 0.05, which means reject H0 and accept Ha. The results showed that there was an effect of the Inside-Outside Circle (IOC) type of cooperative learning model on students' mathematical communication skills.

https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/ijevs/article/download/4981/2732

The Influence of the Inside Outside Circle Cooperative Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Communication Ability

In mathematics learning, the use of student activity worksheets is still limited.In addition, the use of computers as one of the media for learning mathematics is still very minimal. The concept of fractions, as one of mathematics subjects, is quite complex but fundamental to be mastered by students. The purpose of this study was to develop valid, practical, and effective computer-based worksheets on the topic of fractions for grade 7 junior high school. This study used modified 4-D research development model. The result showed that the students responded positively towards theimplementation of the computer-based student activity worksheets. Therefore, the computer-based worksheets can be useful in mathematics learning, especially on the topic of fractions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1088/1/012110/pdf

Mursalin Mursalin

Papers

Technology Application In Education And Learning Process

The development of algebra teaching materials to foster students’ creative thinking skills in higher education

Role of Self-Efficacy Toward Students’ Achievement in Mathematical Multiple Representation Ability (MMRA)

The Influence of the Inside Outside Circle Cooperative Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Communication Ability

Designing computer-based fraction worksheets for junior high school