Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Stelios Katsanevakis*, Inger Wallentinus, Argyro Zenetos, Erkki Leppakoski, Melih Ertan Cinar, Bayram Ozturk, Michal Grabowski, Daniel Golani and Ana Cristina Cardoso European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Ispra, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Ag. Kosmas, Greece Department of Biosciences, Environmental and Marine Biology, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey Faculty of Fisheries, Marine Biology Laboratory, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Poland Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and the National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

/pdf/impacts-of-invasive-alien-marine-species-on-ecosystem-2h02ykurnj.pdf

Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review.

https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1961.6.1.0099

Marine Algae of the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of the Americas

Seaweed produces metabolites aiding in the protection against different environmental stresses. These compounds show antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Macroalgae can be cultured in high volumes and would represent an attractive source of potential compounds useful for unconventional drugs able to control new diseases or multiresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The substances isolated from green, brown and red algae showing potent antimicrobial activity belong to polysaccharides, fatty acids, phlorotannins, pigments, lectins, alkaloids, terpenoids and halogenated compounds. This review presents the major compounds found in macroalga showing antimicrobial activities and their most promising applications.

/pdf/antimicrobial-action-of-compounds-from-marine-seaweed-15fvynjj84.pdf

Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed

Seaweeds of the Southeastern United States: Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral

The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequence was recently developed for DNA barcoding of red algal species. We determined the 1245 base pairs of the gene from 27 taxa of an agar-producing species, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and putative relatives and compared the results with rbcL data from the same species. A total of 392 positions (31.5%) were variable, 282 positions (22.6%) were parsimoniously informative, and average sequence divergence was 13% in an ingroup. Within G. vermiculophylla, pairwise divergence of the gene was variable up to 11 bp (0.9%). Seven recognized haplotypes of cox1 tended to be geographically related. In the aligned 1386 bp of rbcL, three haplotypes were recognized. These results suggest that cox1 is a valuable molecular marker within species and will be very useful in haplotype analyses.

Mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL genes of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)

Symphyocladia lithophila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales), a new Korean red algal species based on morphology and rbcL sequences

Hypnea is an economically and ecologically important red alga including about 53 species worldwide. Here, we describe H. asiatica sp. nov. from Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Specimens of this species from the northwestern Pacific have often been assigned to H. charoides. Hypnea asiatica is distinguished by percurrent main axes, branches with abruptly curved adaxial branchlets, and the presence of lenticular thickening in the walls of medullary cells. It is abundant in wave-exposed sites from summer through fall and produces tetrasporangial sori in fall. We analyzed three genes from three different genomes: nuclear SSU rDNA from 27 specimens, plastid rbcL from 51 specimens, and mitochondrial cox1 from 41 specimens, including putative relatives and H. charoides from Australia. All analyzed DNA datasets produced congruent trees in which H. asiatica was always separated from H. charoides. Network analysis of cox1 haplotypes indicated geographic structuring across the species distribution range. Although Hypnea was found to be monophyletic, the distant relationship between H. asiatica and the other species raises questions about divergence pathways within the genus.

Systematics of Hypnea asiatica sp. nov. (Hypneaceae, Rhodophyta) based on morphology and nrDNA SSU, plastid rbcL, and mitochondrial cox1.

In integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), seaweeds have the capacity to reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen-rich effluents in coastal ecosystems. To establish such bioremediation systems, selection of suitable seaweed species is important. The distribution and productivity of seaweeds vary seasonally based on water temperature and photoperiod. In Korea, candidate genera such as Pophyra, Laminaria, and Undaria grow from autumn to spring. In contrast, Codium grows well at relatively high water temperatures in summer. Thus, aquaculture systems potentially could capitalize on Codium’s capacity for rapid growth in the warm temperatures of late summer and early fall. In this study, we investigated ammonium uptake and removal efficiency by Codium fragile. In laboratory experiments, we grew C. fragile under various water temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C), irradiances (dark, 10, and 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1), and initial ammonium concentrations (150 and 300 μM); in all cases, C. fragile exhausted the ammonium supply for 6 h. At 150 μM of \( NH^{ + }_{4} \), ammonium removal efficiency was greatest (99.5 ± 2.6%) when C. fragile was incubated at 20°C under 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1. At 300 μM of \( NH^{ + }_{4} \), removal efficiency was greatest (86.3 ± 2.1%) at 25°C under 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Ammonium removal efficiency was significantly greater at 20 and 25°C under irradiance of 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1 than under other conditions tested.

Myung Sook Kim

Papers

Mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL genes of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)

Symphyocladia lithophila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales), a new Korean red algal species based on morphology and rbcL sequences

Systematics of Hypnea asiatica sp. nov. (Hypneaceae, Rhodophyta) based on morphology and nrDNA SSU, plastid rbcL, and mitochondrial cox1.

A preliminary study of the bioremediation potential of Codium fragile applied to seaweed integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) during the summer

Applying DNA barcoding to Korean Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta)