There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

All our former experience with application of quantum theory seems to say:
{\it what is predicted by quantum formalism must occur in laboratory} But the
essence of quantum formalism - entanglement, recognized by Einstein, Podolsky,
Rosen and Schr\"odinger - waited over 70 years to enter to laboratories as a
new resource as real as energy This holistic property of compound quantum systems, which involves
nonclassical correlations between subsystems, is a potential for many quantum
processes, including ``canonical'' ones: quantum cryptography, quantum
teleportation and dense coding However, it appeared that this new resource is
very complex and difficult to detect Being usually fragile to environment, it
is robust against conceptual and mathematical tools, the task of which is to
decipher its rich structure This article reviews basic aspects of entanglement including its
characterization, detection, distillation and quantifying In particular, the
authors discuss various manifestations of entanglement via Bell inequalities,
entropic inequalities, entanglement witnesses, quantum cryptography and point
out some interrelations They also discuss a basic role of entanglement in
quantum communication within distant labs paradigm and stress some
peculiarities such as irreversibility of entanglement manipulations including
its extremal form - bound entanglement phenomenon A basic role of entanglement
witnesses in detection of entanglement is emphasized

Quantum entanglement

We review the field of cavity optomechanics, which explores the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and nano- or micromechanical motion This review covers the basics of optical cavities and mechanical resonators, their mutual optomechanical interaction mediated by the radiation pressure force, the large variety of experimental systems which exhibit this interaction, optical measurements of mechanical motion, dynamical backaction amplification and cooling, nonlinear dynamics, multimode optomechanics, and proposals for future cavity quantum optomechanics experiments In addition, we describe the perspectives for fundamental quantum physics and for possible applications of optomechanical devices

Cavity Optomechanics

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has been observed in a dilute gas of sodium atoms. A Bose-Einstein condensate consists of a macroscopic population of the ground state of the system, and is a coherent state of matter. In an ideal gas, this phase transition is purely quantum-statistical. The study of BEC in weakly interacting systems which can be controlled and observed with precision holds the promise of revealing new macroscopic quantum phenomena that can be understood from first principles.

Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms

Moreover, the agreement improves if the ratio between the atomic decay rates from the intermediate and the upper level is on the order 10 or larger. Some results are shown in Figs. 1-3. In conclusion, the effective two-level model can be used to study the quantum properties of three level atomic systems especially under the conditions of large atomic detuning, and of somewhat different decay rate constants. A physical explanation of this behaviour is that in such conditions the noise arising from the spontaneous decay of population from the intermediate level becomes negligible compared to the noise due to the spontaneous decay of the atoms from the upper-excited level. *Institut d’Optique B.P. 147, F91403 Orsay Cedex-France

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/1103/7850/00698115.pdf

Quantum jumps and the simulation of photon correlations

Continuous variable entanglement is a manifestation of nonclassicality of quantum states. In this paper we attempt to analyze whether and under which conditions nonclassicality can be used as an entanglement criterion. We adopt the well-accepted definition of nonclassicality in the form of lack of well-defined positive Glauber Sudarshan P-function describing the state. After demonstrating that the classicality of subsystems is not sufficient for the nonclassicality of the overall state to be identifiable with entanglement, we focus on Gaussian states and find specific local unitary transformations required to arrive at this equivalency. This is followed by the analysis of quantitative relation between nonclassicality and entanglement.

Nonclassicality in phase space and nonclassical correlation

We suggest an experimentally realizable scheme to test entanglement of a mixed Gaussian continuous-variable state We find that the entanglement condition is simplified for the family of Gaussian states which are relevant to experimental realization The entanglement condition is then shown to be directly related to joint homodyne measurements We show how robust the proposed test of entanglement is against imperfect detection efficiency

Wigner function to test entanglement for continuous variables

We study the conditions for the probing of an environment affecting one party of a bipartite system of interacting objects by measurements operated only on the other element. We show that entanglement plays no crucial role in such an environment-characterization. On the other hand, if an interaction is established between the two parties, information can be reliably gathered. This result holds for both discrete and continuous variables and helps in the interpretation of recent experiments addressing the properties of mesoscopic objects.

Interaction engineering for environmental probing

We introduce the task of anonymous metrology, in which a physical parameter of an object may be determined without revealing the object's location. Alice and Bob share a correlated quantum state, with which one of them probes the object. Upon receipt of the quantum state, Charlie is then able to estimate the parameter without knowing who possesses the object. We show that quantum correlations are resources for this task when Alice and Bob do not trust the devices in their labs. The anonymous metrology protocol moreover distinguishes different kinds of quantum correlations according to the level of desired security: discord is needed when the source of states is trustworthy, otherwise entanglement is necessary.

/pdf/quantum-correlations-for-anonymous-metrology-4yuh74qrf4.pdf

Myungshik Kim

Papers

Quantum jumps and the simulation of photon correlations

Nonclassicality in phase space and nonclassical correlation

Wigner function to test entanglement for continuous variables

Interaction engineering for environmental probing

Quantum correlations for anonymous metrology