Linear Electric Actuators And Generators

Optimal precalculation of the position-phase current projile for current feeding a 4-phase, 4 kW switched reluctance motor, results in a single input, linear. decoupled output torque controller, which provides low torque ripple. A bicubic spline interpolation was used to model the non-linear experimental data. The algorithm is bused 011 minimizing both the average and peak current hence improves the dynamic performance of the novel six switch, current fed, igbt 4 kW, 40 kHz inverter. Test results by instuntaneous speed measurement over the speed runge 100-300 rpm, ruted torque, open-loop optimizing technique are presented,

Torque ripple reduction of switched reluctance motors by phase current optimal profiling

Due to its own structural characteristics, permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLMs) have unstable motor parameters during operation due to the end effect and the inherent magnetic circuit instability. At the same time, linear motors have the characteristics of reciprocating switching motion and high-speed positioning motion in industrial applications, thus placing high demands on the controller. In order to improve the performance of the PMSLM, this paper firstly studies the linear motor structure, the distribution characteristics of its air gap magnetic field are obtained, and the simulation analysis for the back electromotive force (EMF) of PMSLM of its running process is carried out. Then, a state observer based on the sliding mode state observer (SMO) is built to replace the traditional speed sensor and a super-twisting sliding mode controller is designed. The double-closed loop control of the speed and the use of high-order sliding mode control features effectively reduce the chattering of the system and reduce the impact of the observation error brought by the observer on the system. The adaptive sliding mode control strategy is used to effectively suppress the influence of the boundaryless uncertainty interference on the system and reduce the influence of the observation error brought by the observer on the system. This paper also combines the linear motor experimental platform to further verify the control scheme based on the super-twisting sliding mode non-sensing linear motor. The simulation and experimental results show that SMO has accurate speed and position tracking performance, the system's chattering is significantly reduced, the control precision is excellent, and the introduction of adaptive sliding mode controller enhances the robustness of the system.

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Sensorless Vector Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor Based on Self-Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller

The market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is going to significantly increase in the next
years and decades. However, EVs still present significant practical limitations in terms of mileage. Hence,
the automotive industry is making important research efforts towards the progressive increase of battery
energy density, reduction of battery charging time, and enhancement of electric powertrain efficiency. The
electric machine is the main power loss contributor of an electric powertrain. This literature survey reviews
the design and control methods to improve the energy efficiency of electric machines for EVs. The motor
design requirements and specifications are described in terms of power density, efficiency along driving
cycles, and cost, according to the targets set by the roadmaps of the main governmental agencies. The review
discusses the stator and rotor design parameters, winding configurations, novel materials, construction
technologies as well as control methods that are most influential on the power loss characteristics of typical
traction machines. Moreover, the paper covers: i) driving cycle based design methods of traction motors,
for energy consumption reduction in real operating conditions; and ii) novel machine topologies providing
potential efficiency benefits.

/pdf/design-approaches-and-control-strategies-for-energy-2b4u7pzn4p.pdf

Design Approaches and Control Strategies for Energy-Efficient Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles—A Review

This paper presents an up-to-date review of design trends for electric traction motors of electric vehicles, mainly battery electric vehicles and full hybrid electric vehicles. The focus is on permanent magnet traction motors of the major car brands and includes vehicles from the last decade (from 2010 until today), including Jaguar, Tesla, Toyota, BMW, Nissan, General Motors and Audi. The main topic of this study is the electromagnetic motor design, but also mechanical features of the motor as well as trends in magnetic materials are discussed. Furthermore, key performance numbers are evaluated and compared with respect to power density, motor speed and field weakening performance. Finally, trends in traction motor design and performance are presented as well. The aim is to highlight the latest developments in electric traction motors and to provide an efficient overview of the state-of-the-art motor designs, performances, technical limitations, as well as future concepts and trends.

Review and Trends in Electric Traction Motors for Battery Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

High starting force with reduced volume and mass are the primary importance in most of the linear transportation applications. This paper presents a novel tilted Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) with reduced mass, volume, force ripple and improved force profile. Three Dimensional (3-D) finite element analyses are carried out on the proposed design to estimate the performance the motor. A thorough comparison has been made between the basic and the proposed structures. Experimental results reveal that, the proposed design is well suited for high starting force applications.

A Novel Skewed Linear Switched Reluctance Motor – Analysis and Design

Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) are considered for numerous applications because of its inherent properties. The force ripple and hence acoustic noise and vibration make this machine failure in compete with the existing linear induction and linear synchronous machines. In this paper a new type of stator structure is proposed and experimented. The proposed structure provides less force ripple and vibration. Parameters like force ripple and vibration are predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). Experimental results are closely correlated with the predicted results.

Design and Experimental Verification of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor with Tapered Poles

A novel stator geometry for a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) that improves the force profile is presented in this paper. In the new geometry, pole shoes are affixed on the stator poles. Static characteristics for the proposed structure have been highlighted using two dimensional (2-D) finite element analyses (FEA). A detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of several geometrical parameters on the performance of the proposed LSRM is presented. Further, motor performance for variable load conditions is discussed. The 2-D FEA results and the experimental results of this paper prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for linear propulsion drives.

A novel linear switched reluctance motor : Investigation and experimental verification

Energy-Efficient domestic appliances are the need of the hour. This paper explores the importance of 48-Volt domestic appliances especially those operated with an electric motor drive system. Sixteen domestic appliances that are having a power range of 12–1600 Watt are selected. These appliances are usually produced in very large volumes; therefore, one of the most important requirements is efficiency with moderate cost. Commutator motors are widely preferred for those applications in the present commercial market, which lags in efficiency, requires more space and, bulkier. Flux Switching Motor (FSM) is a new variant in brushless direct current (DC) motor, which has a combined advantage of commutator, Switched Reluctance and, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors (PMBLDC). Complete simulation results with the FSM drive system have been carryout and the performance is compared with the commutator DC motor (DCM) and Induction Motors (IM). Simulation results support FSM drive system technology and novel insights follow from this quantitative comparison.

48-Volt Energy Efficient Domestic Appliances With Flux Switching Motor Drive System–Design, Simulation, and Comparison

In this paper, the results of a finite element analysis are carried out on new stator geometry of a four phase Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM). In the new geometry, stator pole faces are gashed. LSRM performance for variable load conditions is discussed. The two dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) results, have demonstrated validity of the proposed new design.

N. C. Lenin

Papers

A Novel Skewed Linear Switched Reluctance Motor – Analysis and Design

Design and Experimental Verification of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor with Tapered Poles

A novel linear switched reluctance motor : Investigation and experimental verification

48-Volt Energy Efficient Domestic Appliances With Flux Switching Motor Drive System–Design, Simulation, and Comparison

Analysis of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor having gashed pole