of antibiotics, whether there was an explicit note in the medical chart in which the physician diagnosed a true bacteremia, and the Centers for Disease Control surveillance criteria for primary bloodstream infection. Agreement between same-strain bacteremia and each definition was examined, based on the assumption that most true infections should be the result of a single strain. The study sample consisted of 42 patients and 106 isolates. Nineteen of the 42 bacteremias (45%) were the same strain. Classification of bacteremias as same-strain correlated poorly with all three clinical assessments (range of percentage agreement, 50%-57%; range of kappa statistic, 0.01-0.15). There were both false-positive and false-negative errors. Patients with three or more positive blood cultures were more likely to have same-strain bacteremia than those with only two positive cultures (11/15 [73%] vs 8/27 [30%], P=.006). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was more discriminating than AP PCR (percentage agreement, 83%; kappa, 0.67). The authors concluded that molecular typing correlated poorly with clinical criteria for true bacteremia, suggesting either that true bacteremias are frequently the result of multiple strains or that the commonly used clinical criteria are not accurate for distinguishing contamination from true bacteremia. Vancomycin treatment of clinically defined coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia may frequently be unnecessary. FROM: Seo SK, Venkataraman L, DeGirolami PC, Samore MH. Molecular typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci from blood cultures does not correlate with clinical criteria for true bacteremia. Am J Med 2000;109:697-704.

/pdf/nasal-carriage-as-a-source-of-staphylococcus-aureus-40zkf0m446.pdf

Nasal Carriage as a Source of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Emphasizes the judgemental elements of interpretation in clinical pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cytology. Features over 100 case histories covering all species. Each chapter, exclusive of those on technique, has a brief introduction followed by case discussions. Cases presented exemplify laboratory alterations associated with the disease affecting the system under review, and some cases can be used for self-evaluation.

Veterinary clinical pathology

Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

Aims : Phytosterols are a subgroup of the steroids, as an important class of bioorganic molecules,widespread in plants, animals, marines as well as fungi and have similarity to cholesterol in structure. These compounds have a long history of consumption as food or pharmaceutical products, and generally recognized as safe without undesirable side effects.

The Story of Beta-sitosterol-A Review

Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction

Anticoccidial effects of Ageratum conyzoides.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanol extract of Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae) was carried out by column chromatography and anti-trypanosomal activity was tested using in vitro cultures of Trypanosoma brucei brucei S427. Three active fractions (ML 13-18, ML 19-28 and ML 33-45) were obtained with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.25, 25 and 12.5 µg/ml, respectively. Fraction ML 33-45 was identified as β-sitosterol/stigmasterol using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). β-Sitosterol was evaluated for its cytotoxicity using normal prostate cells (PNT2A) and prostatic carcinoma cell lines (DU-145, PC-3 and LNCAP AS) at a concentration of 100 µM. β-Sitosterol was cytotoxic to all the cell lines.

	 

	Key words: Morinda lucida, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, beta sitosterol, stigmasterol, cytotoxicity.

/pdf/in-vitro-anti-trypanosomal-activity-of-morinda-lucida-leaves-3k87p5hki4.pdf

In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of Morinda lucida leaves

/pdf/trypanocidal-activity-of-the-ethanolic-extract-of-buchholzia-1zppq2at54.pdf

Trypanocidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed

/pdf/the-anthelmintic-effects-of-buchholzia-coriacea-seed-5e5cx3b1xf.pdf

The anthelmintic effects of Buchholzia coriacea seed

The antitrypanosomal activity of the methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed against a field strain of Trypanosoma congolense was investigated using experimentally infected mice of both sexes. Monitoring of parasitaemia was by the rapid matching technique. When parasitaemia was approximately log 7.8 (63 × 106 parasites/ml), treatment with graded doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was instituted for 5 consecutive days. Diminazene diaceturate (Dimivet® SKM Pharma Pvt. Ltd.) was given at 3.5 mg/kg i.p. to the positive control mice. No significant differences in body weights were observed. The rectal temperatures of infected mice showed fluctuations. The PCV of infected mice were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the uninfected controls. There was no significant difference between the PCV of the extract-treated and untreated animals. Parasitaemia increased steadily in the extract-treated and untreated mice groups till all the animals died. Three days post-treatment with diminazene diaceturate parasitaemia was cleared. Six days later, there was a relapse of infection. By the end of the experiment, a 50 % relapse rate was recorded in the diminazene diaceturate-treated group. The methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seeds did not show any antitrypanosomal activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense at the doses tested.

https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/63373/1/tc11083.pdf

N. E. Nweze

Papers

Anticoccidial effects of Ageratum conyzoides.

In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of Morinda lucida leaves

Trypanocidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed

The anthelmintic effects of Buchholzia coriacea seed

Investigation of the antitrypanosomal activity of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract against a field strain of Trypanosoma congolense.