N. Hedstrom

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the development and testing of snow algorithms with specific reference to their use and application in land surface models and make recommendations with respect to: (a) density of new and aged snow in open and forest environments; (b) interception of snow by evergreen canopies; (c) redistribution and sublimation of snow water equivalent by blowing snow; (d) depletion in snow-covered area during snowmelt; (e) albedo decay during melting; (f) turbulent transfer during snow melt; and (g)

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of process-based algorithms have been developed to describe the accumulation, unloading and sublimation of intercepted snow in forest canopies in a southern boreal forest jack pine stand during late winter.

TL;DR: The surface energy balance of Lake Superior was measured using the eddy covariance method at a remote, offshore site at 0.5h intervals from June 2008 through November 2010 as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of storage in a heterogeneous catchment and evaluate its significance and potential influence on streamflow was observed in the subarctic Canadian Shield: a region with extensive bedrock outcrops, shallow predominantly organic soils, discontinuous permafrost and numerous water bodies.

TL;DR: In this paper, direct measurements of evaporation taken at an offshore site on Lake Superior from June 2008 to October 2010 were used with concurrent satellite and climate model data to extrapolate Evaporation measurements across the entire lake.