Observing present scarcity of fossil fuel and emissions of greenhouse gases, electricity generated from Renewable Energy (RE) sources turns out to be the best alternative for generating the power. In RE system, the inverter is normally used to condition the DC power into AC to meet the requirements of load and transmission system. The inverter offers myriad benefits; however, the presence of harmonics (particularly low-order) in the output voltage affects the efficiency and performance of inverter, causes switching losses and decreases the lifetime of the system. In last three decades, significant research has been done to develop the efficient control technique for eliminating the unwanted harmonics. The preliminary review of existing control techniques revealed that the selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (SHEPWM) is more proficient to eliminate the low-order harmonics. However, non-linear transcendental equations used in this technique pose a challenge to solve particularly for calculus-based methods. With the advent of powerful and low-cost computers, bio-inspired intelligent algorithms (BIAs) seem to be a better approach for solving these complex equations. This review paper presents the detailed principle operation of nine well-known BIAs and discusses their application in inverters for harmonic elimination (HE). Moreover, different objective functions are also discussed in this paper which is used by the researchers for HE. Additionally, the performance of five renowned BIAs, namely, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Bee Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm is critically evaluated. Their performance is analyzed in terms of accuracy, computational complexity, convergence speed, and a number of control parameters. The conclusion has been made on the basis of information extracted from the literature and evaluation results with future recommendations. This single paper covers all the essential information regarding HE in inverters, which will help researchers to design the efficient RE conversion system.

Selective harmonic elimination in inverters using bio-inspired intelligent algorithms for renewable energy conversion applications: A review

Energy, being a prime enabler in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), should be affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern. One of the SDGs (i.e., SDG7) suggests that it is necessary to ensure energy access for all. In developing countries like India, the progress toward SDG7 has somewhat stagnated. The aging conventional electric power system has its dominant share of energy from fossil fuels, plagued with frequent power outages, and leaves many un-electrified areas. These are not characteristics of a sustainable and modern system in the context of the SDG7. Promoting renewable-based energy systems, especially in the context of microgrids (MGs), is one of the promising advances needed to rejuvenate the progress toward the SDG7. In this context, a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM) is proposed that gives assurance for energy access to all in an affordable, reliable, and sustainable way through modern energy systems. In this paper, a techno-economic and environmental modeling of the grid-independent HREM and its optimization for a remote community in South India are presented. A case of HREM with a proposed configuration of photovoltaic/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery energy storage system (PV/WT/DG/BESS) was modeled to meet the community residential electric load requirements. This investigation dealt with the optimum sizes of the different components used in the HREM. The results of this model presented numerous feasible solutions. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the best solution from the four optimized results. From the results, it was established that a PV + DG + BESS based HREM was the most cost-effective configuration for the specific location. In addition, the obtained optimum solutions were mapped with the key criteria of the SDG7. This mapping also suggested that the PV + DG + BESS configuration falls within the context of the SDG7. Overall, it is understood that the proposed HREM would provide energy access to households that is affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern.

/pdf/hybrid-renewable-energy-microgrid-for-a-residential-5epbhr5ooo.pdf

Hybrid renewable energy microgrid for a residential community: A techno-economic and environmental perspective in the context of the SDG7

A new Kho-Kho optimization Algorithm: An application to solve combined emission economic dispatch and combined heat and power economic dispatch problem

Improved tunicate swarm algorithm: Solving the dynamic economic emission dispatch problems

Optimized Parameters of SOFC for steady state and transient simulations using interior search algorithm

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etep.2683

Multi‐objective economic emission dispatch using interior search algorithm

The current research study proposes a multi-objective optimal power flow (OPF) solution using a modified Interior Search Algorithm in which Levy Flight feature with two different strategies is incorporated to accelerate the convergence speed and to enhance solution quality. In traditional OPF problems, the thermal generation units alone are accounted, whereas the security challenges faced by the network are mostly ignored. In other terms, the emission needs to be significantly reduced in terms of environmental sustainability aspects. So, the electrical grid must be infused with power generated from different renewable energy sources. Consequently, the current research article proposes an approach in order to accomplish OPF through a combination of stochastic wind and solar power coupled with traditional thermal power generators in the system. The authors leveraged modified IEEE 30-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system and real-time electrical network 62-bus Indian Utility System in order to validate the Levy Interior Search Algorithm proposed in the study by incorporating renewable energy sources. During implementation, the researchers considered different factors such as network security limitations, for instance transmission line capacity, bus voltage limits and restricted operation zones for thermal units. The simulation results obtained using the proposed LISA Strategy-II algorithm are compared with the results obtained using LISA Strategy-I, ISA and other optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The results achieved from the implementation infer that the proposed method has inherently good convergence characteristic and affords better exploration of the Pareto front.

Multi-objective optimal power flow using a new heuristic optimization algorithm with the incorporation of renewable energy sources

This paper presents cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) for solving non-convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problems of fossil fuel fired generators considering transmission losses and valve point loading effect. CSA is a new meta-heuristic optimisation technique inspired from the obligate brood parasitism of some cuckoo species by laying their eggs in the nests of other host birds of other species. The strength of the proposed meta-heuristic optimization technique CSA has been tested and validated on the standard IEEE 14-bus, 26-bus and 30-bus system with several heuristic load patterns. The results have indicated that the proposed approach is able to obtain significant economic load dispatch solutions than those of Firefly Algorithm (FFA) and other soft computing techniques reported in the literature.

/pdf/non-convex-economic-load-dispatch-using-cuckoo-search-4y5prvou2e.pdf

Non-convex Economic Load Dispatch using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

This paper presents a new algorithm called Firefly Algorithm to solve the well-known power system Economic load dispatch problem. Firefly Algorithm is a novel nature-inspired algorithm inspired by social behavior of fireflies and the phenomenon of bioluminescent communication between them. Our proposed algorithm utilized fireflies food searching mechanism to optimize economic load dispatch problem in power system. This makes the algorithm more convergence and less complexity. It is also appropriate for high-speed real-time application due to fast and less execution time. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested with the standard 6-bus, IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus system with several heuristic load patterns. The numerical result reveals that the proposed algorithm can provide appreciably better solutions within reasonable time.

Application of fireflies algorithm to solve economic load dispatch

The term microgrid refers to small-scale power grid that can operate autonomously or in concurrence with the area’s main electrical grid. 
The intermittent characteristic of DGs which defies the power quality and voltage manifests the requirement for new planning and operation approaches for microgrids. Consequently, conventional optimization methods in new power systems have been critically biased all through 
the previous decade. One of the main technological and inexpensive tools in this regard is the optimal generation scheduling of microgrid. As a primary optimization tool in the planning and operation fields, optimal operation has an undeniable part in the power system. This paper reviews and evaluates 
the optimal operation approaches mostly related to microgrids. In this work, the foremost optimal generation scheduling approaches are compared in terms of their objective functions, techniques and constraints. To conclude, 
a few fundamental challenges occurring from the latest optimal generation scheduling techniques in microgrids are addressed.

/pdf/a-review-of-optimal-operation-of-microgrids-aeszwe6bdu.pdf

N. Karthik

Papers

Multi‐objective economic emission dispatch using interior search algorithm

Multi-objective optimal power flow using a new heuristic optimization algorithm with the incorporation of renewable energy sources

Non-convex Economic Load Dispatch using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Application of fireflies algorithm to solve economic load dispatch

A review of optimal operation of microgrids