Synthesis of highly branched conducting polymer architecture for electrochromic applications

Optoelectrochromic characterization and smart windows application of bi-functional amid substituted thienyl pyrrole derivative

The electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole and bithiophene on stainless steel in the presence of SDS in aqueous medium and its anticorrosive performance

Conducting Redox Polymer Based Anode Materials for High Power Electrical Energy Storage

Menadione cyclic voltammograms show a pair of redox steps on glassy carbon electrode in 01 M H3PO4 with potential separation of 343 mV Cationic, nonionic, and anionic surfactants micellar media significantly decrease the menadione peak potential separation Statistically significant increase of menadione reduction current (3- and 44-fold) has been observed in Triton X 100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar media, respectively Electrochemical reduction of menadione in 9 mM SDS micellar media is reversible diffusion-controlled one-electron process corresponding to formation of relatively stable semiquinone anion radical The linear dynamic ranges of menadione determination are 7–560 and 600–2,550 μM with the limits of detection and quantification of 166 and 553 μM, respectively The current concentration sensitivity is (86 ± 02) × 103 μA μM−1 The voltammetric method for the determination of menadione in pharmaceutical “Aekol” based on preliminary extraction with ethanol has been developed

Electrochemical reduction and quantification of menadione in sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar media

In opposite with the usually applied synthesis in organic media, the polymerization of bithiophene in aqueous media has been studied. The use of a non-ionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (Triton X-100)) is useful not only to solubilize the hydrophobic monomer but it is also important to incorporate various—biologically and catalytically active—additives. In this paper, the optimization of the polymerization conditions as well as the characterization of the electrochemical, spectral and mass exchange behavior of these composite films is summarized. The layers have shown imperceptible electroactivity in monomer-free aqueous LiClO4 solutions, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies exhibited scarce ion movements, caused assumingly by the fact that the dopant species—moving together with their hydrate shell in the aqueous media—could not penetrate into the hydrophobic film. In contrast, nice reversible redox transformation could be obtained in organic medium such as acetonitrile, where—according to the EQCM results—the charge carrier formation/depletion is accompanied by the incorporation/removal of ClO4− anions. In this solution, the spectral changes have proved the transformation into the conducting state, connected to both mono- and di-cation forms. The incorporation of the surfactant has been demonstrated by the extraordinary surface morphology of the polybithiophene (pBT) films, characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The elementary composition of the curious shell-shaped objects, monitored by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), evidenced the presence of Triton X-100 by the increased C/S ratio compared to neat polybithiophene, while the Cl/S data reflected the changes connected to the doping level as a consequence of ClO4− anion movements. Moreover, ex situ attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT–IR measurements clearly showed the existence of C―O bonds, also proving the successful functionalization by the surfactant, built permanently into the redox active films.

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Nabiha Maslah

Papers

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thiophene conducting polymer in aqueous micellar medium