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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

The Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) treatment concept advocates that regeneration of osseous defects is predictably attainable via the application of occlusive membranes, which mechanically exclude non-osteogenic cell populations from the surrounding soft tissues, thereby allowing osteogenic cell populations originating from the parent bone to inhabit the osseous wound. The present review discusses the evolution of the GBR biological rationale and therapeutic concept over the last two decades. Further, an overview of the GBR research history is provided with specific focus on the evidence available on its effectiveness and predictability in promoting the regeneration of critical size cranio-maxillo-facial defects, the neo-osteogenesis potential and the reconstruction of atrophic alveolar ridges before, or in conjunction with, the placement of dental implants. The authors conclude that future research should focus on (a) the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the wound healing process following GBR application; (b) the identification of site and patient related factors which impact on the effectiveness and predictability of GBR therapy and (c) the evaluation of the pathophysiology of the GBR healing process in the presence of systemic conditions potentially affecting the skeletal system.To cite this article:Retzepi M, Donos N. Guided Bone Regeneration: biological principle and therapeutic applications.Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 567-576.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01922.x.

Guided Bone Regeneration: biological principle and therapeutic applications

Regenerating bone with bioactive glass scaffolds: A review of in vivo studies in bone defect models.

Tribocorrosion is an irreversible transformation of a material resulting from simultaneous physico-chemical and mechanical surface interactions in a tribological contact. Electrochemical methods are well suited for the study of tribocorrosion phenomena because they allow one to simulate the corrosive effect of the environment by imposing a fixed potential. Furthermore, the measurement of the anodic current permits one to determine the amount of material removed by oxidation as opposed to mechanical wear. In the present paper, experimental and theoretical aspects of applying electrochemical methods in tribology are discussed and recent results obtained with passivating metals in the authors' laboratory are presented. The importance of controlling the mechanical parameters and the contact geometry is stressed, and it is shown that these parameters can significantly affect the electrochemical response of a tribocorrosion system.

Electrochemical methods in tribocorrosion: a critical appraisal

A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer.

Specific staining of the extracellular matrix components is especially helpful in studying tissue remodeling, particularly in the case of connective tissue pathologies. As developed by Junqueira and colleagues in 1979, specific staining by Picrosirius red is one of the most important stains to study collagen networks in different tissues. Under polarized light, collagen bundles appear green, red or yellow, and are easily differentiated from the black background, thus allowing for quantitative morphometric analysis. As Junqueira and colleagues point out, many studies use color staining to differentiate collagen bundles and to specify collagen types, yet other studies report that polarized colors only reflect fiber thickness and packing. Using a simple histological example, our study illustrates the inability of Picrosirius red staining to differentiate collagen types, since the absorbed amount of polarized light by this dye strictly depends on the orientation of the collagen bundles.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1369/0022155414545787

Picrosirius Red Staining: A Useful Tool to Appraise Collagen Networks in Normal and Pathological Tissues

The respective abilities of the GOHAI and OHIP-14 to discriminate between aged patients with different levels of oral diseases have rarely been studied in developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare the discriminative abilities of the OHIP-14 and the GOHAI in an elderly Lebanese population, and particularly to identify persons with different masticatory function. A sample of elderly, aged 65 years or more, living independently was recruited in two primary care offices in Beirut, Lebanon. Data were collected by means of personal interview and clinical examination. The Arabic OHIP-14 and GOHAI questionnaires were used after cultural adaptation for use in Lebanon. The internal consistency, reproducibility and concurrent validity were verified. To test their discriminative abilities, the ADD (GOHAI and OHIP) and SC (GOHAI and OHIP) scores were dichotomized according to the 25th and 75th percentile respectively and logistic regressions were conducted using socio-demographic, clinical and subjective explanatory variables. Two hundred and six participants were included; mean age was 72 years and 60% were women. Good psychometric properties were observed for both questionnaires for internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha>0.88), reproducibility (ICC>0.86) and concurrent validity. Strong correlations were found between GOHAI and OHIP-14 scores but a high prevalence of subjects with no impact was observed using the OHIP-14. Both questionnaires were able to discriminate between participants according to age, perception of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or functional status as represented by the number of dental Functional Units (FU). GOHAI was more discriminant since it identified participants with high dental care needs: high numbers of decayed teeth, low numbers of teeth and socially deprived status. Lebanese elderly with high dental care needs and impaired oral health were identified more easily with the GOHAI. These results may guide the choice of dental indicators to use in a national geriatric survey.

/pdf/comparison-of-the-ohip-14-and-gohai-as-measures-of-oral-nlbd00y60j.pdf

Comparison of the OHIP-14 and GOHAI as measures of oral health among elderly in Lebanon.

The pertinence of oral health indicators in nutritional studies in the elderly.

Objective To determine if resonance frequency analysis (RFA) correlated with insertion torque (IT), bone volume (BV), and clinical osseointegration at 6 weeks. Materials and methods For 18 patients, BV was evaluated histologically by retrieving bone core biopsies before placement of 40 dental implants. Peak IT was recorded at implant placement, and RFA values (implant stability quotient [ISQ]) were noted at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Osseointegration was evaluated at 6 weeks when torquing abutments to 30 N. ISQ values were correlated with IT, BV and abutment torquing results. Data were statistically analyzed. Results ISQ values significantly decreased at 3 weeks and increased at 6 weeks. There was a significant positive correlation between BV and ISQ at baseline and at 3 weeks, but not at 6 weeks, and between ISQ and jaw location, implant diameter and IT at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. There was a significant correlation between spinning/painful implants during abutment torquing and low ISQ, low BV, and low IT values. Conclusion Correlations between BV and IT values, and ISQ suggest that RFA may indicate primary implant stability. BV, IT, and ISQ values may anticipate the degree of osseointegration at 6 weeks.

Implant primary stability determined by resonance frequency analysis: correlation with insertion torque, histologic bone volume, and torsional stability at 6 weeks.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of critical size calvarial bony defects treated with different bone substitutes and to compare them to an autogenous graft and an ungrafted control group. Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats (200–230g) were used. A periosteal flap was raised and an 8 mm defect was trephined. Rats were divided into six groups and treated as follows: group 1 was treated with a deproteinized bovine xenograft (XO), group 2 was treated with a bovine xenograft and covered with a resorbable membrane (XOCM), defects in group 3 were filled with a decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), group 4 was treated with a composite bone substitute made of bovine xenograft and collagen (XOC), group 5 was filled with autogenous bone (AUTO), and group 6 was left untreated (control). The animals were euthanized at 2 months. Mean bone formation was 2.97 ± 1.82 mm2 in group 5 (AUTO) followed by 2.93 ± 1.93 mm2 in group 3 (DFDBA) and 2.25 ± 1.94 mm2 in group 4 (XOC). Groups 1, 2, and 6 (XO, XOCM, and control, respectively) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with a mean bone formation of 1.97 ± 1.64, 1.87 ± 1.07, and 1.85 ± 1.04 mm2, respectively. This work confirmed the superiority of autogenous bone when it comes to bone grafting. Nevertheless, some bone substitutes can improve bone formation when compared to the control. New bone substitutes with growth factors to improve their abilities to induce bone formation should be experimented.

Nada Naaman

Papers

Picrosirius Red Staining: A Useful Tool to Appraise Collagen Networks in Normal and Pathological Tissues

Comparison of the OHIP-14 and GOHAI as measures of oral health among elderly in Lebanon.

The pertinence of oral health indicators in nutritional studies in the elderly.

Implant primary stability determined by resonance frequency analysis: correlation with insertion torque, histologic bone volume, and torsional stability at 6 weeks.

Healing patterns of critical size bony defects in rat following bone graft