Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Today’s artificial intelligence still faces two major challenges. One is that, in most industries, data exists in the form of isolated islands. The other is the strengthening of data privacy and security. We propose a possible solution to these challenges: secure federated learning. Beyond the federated-learning framework first proposed by Google in 2016, we introduce a comprehensive secure federated-learning framework, which includes horizontal federated learning, vertical federated learning, and federated transfer learning. We provide definitions, architectures, and applications for the federated-learning framework, and provide a comprehensive survey of existing works on this subject. In addition, we propose building data networks among organizations based on federated mechanisms as an effective solution to allowing knowledge to be shared without compromising user privacy.

Federated Machine Learning: Concept and Applications

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

Benutzung eines gemeinsam benutzten geheimnisses für bootstrapping

Transparent authentication (TA) schemes are those in which a user is authenticated by a verifier without requiring explicit user interaction. Those schemes promise high usability and security simultaneously. Many TA schemes rely on the received signal strength as an indicator for the proximity of a user device (prover). However, such implicit proximity verification is not secure against an adversary who can relay messages. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for thwarting relay attacks in TA schemes: the prover permits access to authentication credentials only if it can confirm that it is near the verifier. We present TRec, a system for relay-resilient transparent authentication in which the prover does proximity verification by identifying its approach trajectory to the intended verifier and comparing it with known authorized reference trajectories. Trajectories are measured using low-cost sensors commonly available on personal devices. We demonstrate the security of TRec against a class of adversaries and its ease-of-use by analyzing empirical data, collected using a TRec prototype. TRec is efficient and can be easily integrated into existing TA schemes.

TRec: Relay-Resilient Transparent Authentication using Trajectory Recognition

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rücksetzung eines plattformkonfigurationsregisters in einem mobilen sicherheitsmodul

Transparent authentication schemes based on proximity verification over a wireless channel are susceptible to relay attacks. In recent literature several countermeasures have been proposed. However these come with drawbacks in terms of usability and deployability. In this demo, we show a prototype implementation of STASH, a scheme for securing transparent authentication schemes using prover-side proximity verification, presented at SECON 2017.

Implementing Prover-Side Proximity Verification for Strengthening Transparent Authentication

La presente invention concerne un procede pour connecter un premier et un deuxieme dispositifs, ledit procede mettant en jeu les etapes suivantes : associer sur un tiers des informations uniques provisoires a des informations associees au premier dispositif ; recevoir dudit tiers lesdites informations uniques sur ledit premier dispositif ; entrer lesdites informations uniques dans ledit deuxieme dispositif ; envoyer lesdites informations uniques dudit deuxieme dispositif audit troisieme dispositif ; et recevoir dudit tiers au niveau dudit deuxieme dispositif lesdites informations associees.

Nadarajah Asokan

Papers

Benutzung eines gemeinsam benutzten geheimnisses für bootstrapping

TRec: Relay-Resilient Transparent Authentication using Trajectory Recognition

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rücksetzung eines plattformkonfigurationsregisters in einem mobilen sicherheitsmodul

Implementing Prover-Side Proximity Verification for Strengthening Transparent Authentication

Connexion d'un premier et d'un deuxième dispositifs