Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

http://www.dpi.inpe.br/Miguel/Michelle/Referencias/Ecologia_da_Paisagem/BiologicalConservation_SpecialIssue_2009/02_Ribeiro_et_al_biocons_2009.pdf

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest:: how much is left and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation

The evidentiary basis of the currently accepted classification of living amphibians is discussed and shown not to warrant the degree of authority conferred on it by use and tradition. A new taxonomy of living amphibians is proposed to correct the deficiencies of the old one. This new taxonomy is based on the largest phylogenetic analysis of living Amphibia so far accomplished. We combined the comparative anatomical character evidence of Haas (2003) with DNA sequences from the mitochondrial transcription unit H1 (12S and 16S ribosomal RNA and tRNAValine genes, ≈ 2,400 bp of mitochondrial sequences) and the nuclear genes histone H3, rhodopsin, tyrosinase, and seven in absentia, and the large ribosomal subunit 28S (≈ 2,300 bp of nuclear sequences; ca. 1.8 million base pairs; x = 3.7 kb/terminal). The dataset includes 532 terminals sampled from 522 species representative of the global diversity of amphibians as well as seven of the closest living relatives of amphibians for outgroup comparisons. The...

https://bioone.org/journals/Bulletin-of-the-American-Museum-of-Natural-History/volume-2006/issue-297/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2/THE-AMPHIBIAN-TREE-OF-LIFE/10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2.pdf

The amphibian tree of life

Although hybridization and introgression have been considered important in generation of plant diversity, their role in evolutionary diversification of animals remains unclear In this review, we reconsider the significance of introgressive hybridization in evolution and diversification of animals to determine if the generally negative assessment of these processes is warranted Unlike the situation for plants, hybrid animal taxa appear to be relatively rare This could, however, be due to negative attitudes toward hybridization and difficulty in detecting such forms Hybridization has been responsible for instantaneous creation of several unique complexes of polyploid and unisexual animals Allopolyploidy has allowed for diversification, whereas unisexual taxa have acted as conduits of gene exchange among related sexual species Many instances of diploid, bisexual taxa of hybrid origin have been put forward, but few have been carefully tested Changing attitudes toward hybrids and technological advances should allow for careful consideration of hypothesized hybrid taxa and will undoubtedly increase the number of known animal hybrid taxa

/pdf/the-role-of-hybridization-and-introgression-in-the-j5cooh114g.pdf

The role of hybridization and introgression in the diversification of animals

Aim To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment.



Location  Atlantic Ocean.



Methods  The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum-parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio-temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters.



Results  Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non-terrestrial) inter-regional barriers (mid-Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as ‘filters’ by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic.



Main conclusions  Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former.

/pdf/atlantic-reef-fish-biogeography-and-evolution-q485371wug.pdf

Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution

Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil

Genera Incertae sedis in Characidae

Manual de peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. VI. Teleostei (5)

Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil

Nonnative fish introductions disrupt ecosystem processes and can drive native species to local extinction. Two of the most widespread, introduced species are the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Eurasia and the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Africa. In North and South America, these introductions stem from aquaculture facilities, as well as historical introductions for recreational angling. An emergent field of ecological niche modeling provides robust predictions of the geographic potential of alien species to better understand their capacity to become established at broad scales. We used this modeling approach to produce spatially explicit predictions of the invasive potential of common carp and Nile tilapia in the Americas. Model predictions were tested using occurrence data for established populations in their native area and in the Americas. Results indicated that predictive power of niche mod- els was high. Distributional potential of common carp in the Americas covers most temperate regions and high moun- tain tropical aquatic systems, whereas that of Nile tilapia is focused in the tropics and coast areas. The consequences of the potential establishment of these exotic species can be profound on native aquatic faunas, particularly on highly diverse regions such as the Amazon Basin and central Mexico. Resume : Les introductions de poissons non indigenes perturbent les processus ecosystemiques et peuvent causer l'extinction locale d'especes indigenes. Deux des especes les plus generalement introduites sont la carpe commune (Cyprinus carpio) d'Eurasie et le tilapia du Nil (Oreochromis niloticus) d'Afrique. En Amerique du Nord et du Sud, ces introductions proviennent des etablissements d'aquaculture, ainsi que des empoissonnements passes pour la peche sportive. Un domaine en emergence de la modelisation des niches ecologiques permet de faire des predictions robustes sur le potentiel geographique d'especes exotiques et ainsi de comprendre leur capacite a s'etablir sur de larges espaces geographiques. Cette approche de modelisation nous a permis de faire des predictions explicites du point de vue spatial concernant le potentiel d'invasion de la carpe commune et du tilapia du Nil dans les Ameriques. Nous avons teste les predictions du modele a l'aide de donnees de presence de populations etablies dans leur aire d'origine et dans les Ameriques. Les resultats montrent que le pouvoir predictif des modeles de niches sont eleves. Le potentiel de reparti- tion geographique de la carpe commune dans les Ameriques englobe la plupart des regions temperees et les ecosyste- mes aquatiques tropicaux de haute montagne; en revanche, le tilapia du Nil se concentre surtout dans les tropiques et les regions cotieres. L'etablissement potentiel des ces especes exotiques peut avoir de graves consequences sur les fau- nes aquatiques indigenes, particulierement dans les regions de forte diversite, telles que le bassin de l'Amazone et le centre du Mexique.

/pdf/invasive-potential-of-common-carp-cyprinus-carpio-and-nile-4w0ocit8al.pdf

Naércio A. Menezes

Papers

Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil

Genera Incertae sedis in Characidae

Manual de peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. VI. Teleostei (5)

Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil

Invasive potential of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in American freshwater systems

Naércio A. Menezes

Papers

Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil

Genera Incertae sedis in Characidae

Manual de peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. VI. Teleostei (5)

Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil

Invasive potential of common carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) and Nile tilapia (*Oreochromis niloticus*) in American freshwater systems

Invasive potential of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in American freshwater systems