A process for the preparation of a toner comprising: preparing an organic phase comprised of a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a pigment, a free radical initiator, and optionally a charge control agent; adding the organic phase to an aqueous phase comprised of at least one surfactant; shearing the organic phase into the aqueous phase to form a microdroplet suspension of the organic phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; heating and polymerizing the microdroplets in the suspension to form nonpolar olefinic resin particles; halogenating the nonpolar olefinic resin particle mixture to form a nonpolar toner having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell; and optionally isolating the surface halogenated nonpolar toner.

Toner compositions and processes thereof

A cab for construction machinery capable of improving the controllability of each switch operated by an operator seated on an operator's seat (13), wherein consoles (15) and (18) are provided in a cab box (8) on both right and left sides of the operator's seat (13) and a switch box (24) is provided on the console (18) located on the right side of the operator's seat (13) at a position outside a control lever (19), and a control dial (26) for variably controlling the speed of an engine, an operation mode selector switch (28), and a running mode selector switch (29) are installed on the switch box (24), whereby the operator seated on the operator's seat (13) can operate the switches on the switch box (24) by blind touch, for example, merely by extending the right arm as a dominant arm to the right side control lever (19) side.

Cab for construction machinery

The present invention is characterized in that: a demanded printing-job is accepted at a printing-job accepting unit, and a printing executing unit executes printing according to the accepted printing-job so as to produce an output sheet onto a discharge tray; an output-sheet detecting unit detects the presence of a printed output-sheet on the discharge tray; if the removal of discharged sheets from the discharge tray is detected, a printed-sheet mixture determining unit determines the possibility that sheets printed corresponding to a plurality of demands are mixed among the removed output-sheets; and if it is determined the possibility that sheets printed corresponding to a plurality of the demands are mixed among the output-sheets, warning information is produced by a warning voice producing unit.

Image-forming apparatus and image-forming method

A toner composition including toner particles including a binder resin including a modified polyester resin, and a second resin having a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 10,000; a colorant; a release agent; and a particulate material which is present at least a surface portion of the toner particles while embedded into the surface portion, wherein the binder resin has a glass transition temperature not lower than 35° C. and lower than 55° C., and wherein the particulate material has an average particle diameter of from 0.002 to 0.2 times that of the toner particles. A developer including the toner composition and a carrier having a layer thereon which includes at least an acrylic resin and a silicone resin, and a method for fixing an image of the toner composition are also provided.

Toner, developer including the toner, and method for fixing toner image

A two-component developer consists of a toner, which contains at least a resin and a colorant and to which an external additive is added, and a carrier. This two-component developer has the toner that has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3,000 or less and contains particles having a molecular weight of 1,000 or less at 40 number % or more, and also has the carrier that satisfies general formula (1) as follows: 3,000,000≦σ1000×Dc 3≦20,000,000 (1) where σ1000 represents a magnetization (emu/g) of a carrier at 1,000 oersted, and Dc represents volume average particle diameter (μm) of the carrier.

Two-component developer, container filled with the two-component developer, and image formation apparatus

The present invention relates to the positively chargeable black toner particles which comprise binder resins, carbonblack as a main colorant, quaternary anmonium salt of the following formula (I) as a charge control agent and β-form Cu-phthalocyanine as a stabilizing agent for chargeability of toner particles without being affected by the change of environmental conditions. ##STR1## Wherein R 1 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl or benzyl, R 2 and R 3 are each C 1 -C 18 alkyl, R is C 1 -C 118 alkyl or benzyl, X is hydroxy or amino, and Y is hydoroxy or hydrogen; (c) β-form Cu-phthalocyanine; and (d) carbonblack. The present invention further relates to the two component dry-type developer composed by the improved above said positively chargeable toner particles and the carrier particles coated with silicone polylmers which have the strong durability without being changed to a supent carrier particles for a use of long time period.

Dry type developer for electrophotography

Image forming equipment having an image carrier and a developer carrier located face-to-face and forming an AC-superposed DC electric field between them to develop a latent image electrostatically formed on the image carrier. Sensors responsive to image forming conditions are provided and protected from noise ascribable to an AC component included in the electric field in the event when the sensors operate.

Image forming equipment having improved toner sensing

An image forming apparatus having a developing device of the type using a two-component type developer and developing an electrostatic latent image by a bias electric field having an alternating electric field. A predetermined reference latent image is electrostatically formed on an image carrier by a reference latent image forming device and then developed by the developing device to become a reference toner image. An irregularity detecting circuit determines the degree of difference between the density of the edge and the density of the central portion of the reference toner image. A bias electric field control circuit controls the bias electric field in matching relation to the output of the irregularity detecting circuit, thereby preventing the image quality from being degraded by a change in the resistance of the carrier.

Electrophotographic image forming apparatus which controls developer bias based on image irregularity

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled carrier having an excellent reproducibility of a half-tone and having a less tendency for generating a leakage of a bias and an adhesion for the carrier by treating a surface of carbon block particles with a specific acetoalkoxy aluminium diisopropylate. CONSTITUTION:In the titled carrier coated with a resin contg. the carbon black on the surface of the carrier, the surface of the carbon black is treated with acetoalkoxy aluminium diisopropylate shown by the formula. The treating method is a dipping method in which the substance is dispersed in a solvent to obtain the dispersion, and then the carbon black is dipped to the solution followed by drying the carbon black, and a spray method in which the dispersion is sprayed to the surface of the carbon black. The coating resin solution is prepared by dissolving the resin to the solvent, and by adding the treated carbon black to the resin solution, followed by dispersing it with a homomixer. The forming method of the coated layer may be performed by coating the carbon black with an conventional means such as the spray method. The additional amount of the carbon black to the resin is 0.5-50wt%, preferably 3-30wt%.

Carrier for electrostatic latent image developer

A magenta toner is disclosed, which comprises a coloring composition comprising a thioindigo pigment, and a xanthene dye having general formula (I) or a laked xanthene dye thereof, and a binder resin: ##STR1## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 each represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; R 3 and R 4 each represent a lower alkyl group; and A - represents halogen.

Nakayama Nobuhiro

Papers

Dry type developer for electrophotography

Image forming equipment having improved toner sensing

Electrophotographic image forming apparatus which controls developer bias based on image irregularity

Carrier for electrostatic latent image developer

Magenta color toner for developing latent electrostatic images in color electrophotography