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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Principles of Topological Psychology

Milagros Nores, Assistant Research Professor, National Institute for Early Education Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey (NJ, United States). Email: mnores@nieer.org Address: 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, United States.W. Steven Barnett, Board of Governors Professor and Director of the National Institute for Early Education Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey (NJ, United States). Email: wbarnet@rci.rutgers.edu Address: 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, United States.This paper uses a meta-analysis to review the evidence on the benefits of early childhood interventions. The authors also analyze how the revealed effects are correlated with characteristics of the corrective measures and with the target audience.A total of 38 contrasts of 30 interventions in 23 countries were analyzed. The paper focuses on studies applying a quasi-experimental or random assignment. Studies were coded according to: the type of intervention (cash transfer, nutritional, educational or mixed); sample size; study design and duration; country; target group (infants, prekindergarten); subpopulations of interventions; and dosage of intervention. Cohen’s D effect sizes were calculated for four outcomes: cognitive gains; behavioral change; health gains; and amount of schooling.A moderate progress has been revealed in each of the outcomes. The benefits are sustained over time. Interventions that have an educational or mixed (educational and stimulation, or care) component evidenced the largest cognitive effects, as compared to cash infusions or nutrition-specific interventions. We find children from different context and countries receive substantial cognitive, behavioral, health and schooling benefits from early childhood interventions, unlike children whose development is not supported or promoted. Direct care and education appear to be the most efficient interventions, especially for development of cognitive skills in early childhood.DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2012-1-200-228

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Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions Across the World: (Under) Investing in the Very Young

如果我是哆啦A梦，能从万能的大口袋里送给孩子们满载的梦想与幸福，那么此刻，在六月的伊始，这个属于他们的节日里，我一定拿出车载儿童座椅交给他们的父母。5月9日，从副驾驶位置掉下的4岁小孩，最后因为父亲的跳车救女而安然无恙。

NOT enough专属·哆啦A梦

The year 2002 saw several substantive milestones in the development of international human rights law.' However, many developments in state practice from the United States and other countries suggested that some government officials were willing to compromise individual human rights in fighting the war on terror. The most important human rights development of 2002 was the long-anticipated creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC), providing a new forum in which to prosecute the most serious violations of human rights, including genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.? The United States was one of only seven states to vote against the Rome Statute, but President Clinton had the United States sign the treaty on the eve of his departure from office. In an unprecedented act in international law, the Bush administration "withdrew" the U.S. signature on May 6, 2002.4 The United States also demanded that other nations enter into special agreements to exempt U.S. nationals from being placed on trial before that court. Additionally, in August, President Bush signed the American Servicemembers' Protection

Nancy M. Sidun

Papers

Human Trafficking: Vulnerabilities, Human Rights Violations, and Psychological Consequences