We have purified peroxisomal membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae after induction of peroxisomes in oleic acid-containing media. About 30 distinct proteins could be discerned among the HPLC- and SDS-PAGE-separated proteins of the high salt-extracted peroxisomal membranes. The most abundant of these, Pmp27p, was purified and the corresponding gene PMP27 was cloned and sequenced. Its primary structure is 32% identical to PMP31 and PMP32 of the yeast Candida biodinii (Moreno, M., R. Lark, K. L. Campbell, and M. J. Goodman. 1994. Yeast. 10:1447-1457). Immunoelectron microscopic localization of Pmp27p showed labeling of the peroxisomal membrane, but also of matrix-less and matrix containing tubular membranes nearby. Electronmicroscopical data suggest that some of these tubular extensions might interconnect peroxisomes to form a peroxisomal reticulum. Cells with a disrupted PMP27 gene (delta pmp27) still grew well on glucose or ethanol, but they failed to grow on oleate although peroxisomes were still induced by transfer to oleate-containing media. The induced peroxisomes of delta pmp27 cells were fewer but considerably larger than those of wild-type cells, suggesting that Pmp27p may be involved in parceling of peroxisomes into regular quanta. delta pmp27 cells cultured in oleate-containing media form multiple buds, of which virtually all are peroxisome deficient. The growth defect of delta pmp27 cells on oleic acid appears to result from the inability to segregate the giant peroxisomes to daughter cells.

/pdf/giant-peroxisomes-in-oleic-acid-induced-saccharomyces-57ykzaye5y.pdf

Giant peroxisomes in oleic acid-induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the peroxisomal membrane protein Pmp27p.

The ultrastructure of yeast: Cell wall structure and formation

INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 198 CELLULAR LIPIDS ......................................................... 198 Extraction .................................................................. 198 Subcellular Distribution .................................................... 198 Cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane .......................................... 198 Intracytoplasmic elements ................................................. 199 Cell wall ................................................................. 199 LIPID COMPONENTS ....................................................... 199 Fatty Acids ................................................................. 199 Chemical nature .......................................................... 199 Mutant strains ............................................................ 201 Biosynthesis ............................................................. 201 Biological significance .................................................... 202 Taxonomy ................................................................ 202 Hydrocarbons and Sterols ................................................... 202 Hydrocarbons ............................................................ 202 Sterols (i) Chemical nature ................................................ 202 (ii) Mutant strains......................................................... 204 (iii) Biosynthesis ......................................................... 204 (iv) Biological significance ................................................ 206 Glycerophospholipids ....................................................... 207 Chemical nature .......................................................... 207 Biosynthesis ............................................................. 208 Cellular distribution ...................................................... 208 Biological significance .................................................... 208 Sphingolipids ............................................................... 209 Chemical nature .......................................................... 209 Biological significance .................................................... 209 Glycolipids ................................................................. 209 FACTORS INFLUENCING CELLULAR LIPID COMPOSITION ..... ......... 209 Growth Cycle ............................................................... 209 Sporulation ................................................................. 210 Carbon Source ............................................................. 210 Glucose .................................................................. 210 Hydrocarbons ............................................................ 211 Nutrients ................................................................... 213 Nitrogen ................................................................. 213 Phosphorus .............................................................. 213 Growth factors ........................................................... 213 (i) Inositol ................................................................ 213 (ii) Pantothenic acid ...................................................... 213 (iii) Vitamin B6 ........................................................... 213 (iv) Biotin ................................................................ 214 Miscellaneous Additives .................................................... 214 Sodium chloride .......................................................... 214 Choline and ethanolamine ................................................ 214 Benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzanthracene ..................................... 214 Propanediol .............................................................. 214 Oxygen ..................................................................... 214 Respiratory-deficient (Crabtree-positive) yeasts (i) Lipid composition ....... 214 (ii) Lipid supplementation of growth medium ....... ....................... 215 Respiratory-sufficient (Crabtree-negative) yeasts ...... .................... 216 Temperature ............................................................... 216 pH ..................................................................... 217 CONCLUDING COMMENTS ................................................. 217 LITERATURE CITED ....................................................... 219

https://mmbr.asm.org/content/mmbr/39/3/197.full.pdf

Lipids of yeasts.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the role of peroxisomes in the metabolism of methanol and methylated amines in yeasts. It provides information regarding their biogenesis and turnover. The studies on the physiology and biochemistry of methanol oxidation by methylotrophic yeasts exhibit that adaptation of these organisms to growth on methanol is associated with the proliferation of large microbodies in the cells. To evaluate the unique function and structure of the microbodies during methylotrophic growth in yeasts it is necessary to consider pertinent biochemical and physiological aspects of methanol metabolism in these organisms. Microbodies of methanol-grown yeasts show a number of characteristic properties.They appear in clusters in the cell and exist in close association with strands of endoplasmic reticulum. Evidence that the microbodies of methanol-grown yeasts contain alcohol oxidase and catalase is obtained via cell fractionation and cytochemical studies. The information on various aspects of the role of peroxisomes in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds in yeasts clearly shows that these unicellular organisms offer an almost ideal model system for the study of function, morphogenesis, and turnover of these intriguing organelles.

The Significance of Peroxisomes in the Metabolism of One-Carbon Compounds in Yeasts

Alcohol oxidase assembles post-translationally into the peroxisome of Candida boidinii.

Catalase activities of the cells growing onn-alkanes of various strains ofCandida yeasts wer markedly higher than those of the cells growing on glucose, ethanol or acetate. In connection with this, electron-microscopical studies revealed abundant appearance of specific microbodies having homogeneous matrix surrounded by single unit membrane in the hydrocarbon-growing cells. Localization of catalase activity in the microbodies, in addition to the mitochondria, was confirmed by cytochemical treatment of the cells with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine reagent.

Ultrastructure ofCandida yeasts grown onn-alkanes

This invention relates to a process for producing collagenase, which comprises aerobically cultivating a collagenase-producing bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, and recovering collagenase from the culture broth. This invention also provides a thermophilic bacterium of the genus Bacillus which has the ability to produce collagenase and which grows at a temperature of 42° to 74° C. and a pH of 5.0 to 9.0 and a novel thermophilic collagenase which does not substantially lose collagenase activity even when maintained for 1 hour at a temperature of 60° C. in the presence of a calcium ion at a pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.5, and which has a molecular weight, determined by gel filtration, between those of cytochrome C and ovalbumin.

Thermophilic collagenases, thermophilic bacteria capable of producing thermophilic collagenases, and process for producing said collagenases

Verfahren zur herstellung von collagenase

PURPOSE: The reaction for measurement is conducted in the presence of at least one of sulfhydril compounds such as thiomalic acid or 2-mercaptopropionic acid to increase the room-temperature stability of the measuring reagents in the state of solution. CONSTITUTION: When creatine kinase is determined utilizing the reaction that creatine kinase catalyses the formation of creatine and ATP from phosphocreatine and ADP, which is shown in the reaction equation, at least one of sulfhydril compounds such as thiomalic acid, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid or N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine is added to the reaction system. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Naoto Miwa

Papers

Ultrastructure ofCandida yeasts grown onn-alkanes

Thermophilic collagenases, thermophilic bacteria capable of producing thermophilic collagenases, and process for producing said collagenases

Verfahren zur herstellung von collagenase

Measuring method of creatine kinase