In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Ferromagnetic materials

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as "smart" mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.

Electrospinning and Electrospun Nanofibers: Methods, Materials, and Applications

In this article, several applications of nanomaterials in food packaging and food safety are reviewed, including: polymer/clay nanocomposites as high barrier packaging materials, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, and nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food-relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens). In addition to covering the technical aspects of these topics, the current commercial status and understanding of health implications of these technologies are also discussed. These applications were chosen because they do not involve direct addition of nanoparticles to consumed foods, and thus are more likely to be marketed to the public in the short term.

Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors

Polymer nanoparticles: Preparation techniques and size-control parameters

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Caltropis procera and Amaranthus ascendens stem extracts and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

Effective Decolorization and Turbidity Removal of Canal Water using Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Agricultural Wastes

Graphitized corncob 3D Biomass‒driven anode for high performance batch and continuous modes Air‒Cathode microbial fuel cells working by domestic wastewater

Hydrogen is considered the lifesaver against the highly expected depletion of the fossil fuels. Among the various hydrogen production processes, electro-oxidation of hydrogen-rich compounds (e. g. alcohols) is a promising technology due to simplicity and low cost. The cheap non-precious materials can be exploited for hydrogen generation from alcohols electrolysis with small biases. However, the alcohols are either toxic and/or relatively expensive. Recently, hydrogen could be extracted from tri(ammonium) phosphate using Ni/C hetero-catalytic reaction.[1,2] In the present study, electro-oxidation of tri(ammonium) phosphate using Ni-decorated carbon nanotubes is investigated. The utilized catalyst has been prepared by a simple one-pot synthesis procedure; calcination of well mixed nickel acetate/carbon nanotubes composite under inert atmosphere at 850 °C. The results indicated that the prepared Ni-decorated carbon nanotubes composite is an effective electro-catalyst for tri(ammonium) phosphate oxidation when the nickel content is optimized; 1 wt% metal is the best composition. Moreover, chronoamperometry analysis results indicated that the electro-oxidation reactions is independent on the nickel (oxy)hydroxide active layer, this creates a distinct advantage over alcohols. Workability of the inactive electrode is attributed to the reactivity of both of Ni(OH)2 and Ni(OOH) species toward tri(ammonium) phosphate electro-oxidation process. 

Ni‐Decorated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electro‐Oxidation of Tri(ammonium) Phosphate as New Hydrogen Source Material

The expected near depletion of fossil fuels encourages both the research and industrial communities to focus their efforts to find effective and sustainable alternatives [...]

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Nasser A.M. Barakat

Papers

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Caltropis procera and Amaranthus ascendens stem extracts and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

Effective Decolorization and Turbidity Removal of Canal Water using Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Agricultural Wastes

Graphitized corncob 3D Biomass‒driven anode for high performance batch and continuous modes Air‒Cathode microbial fuel cells working by domestic wastewater

Ni‐Decorated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electro‐Oxidation of Tri(ammonium) Phosphate as New Hydrogen Source Material

Immobilized Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Advanced Energy Devices