............................................................................................................................xii Chapter 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................

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The role of Mezirow's ten phases of transformative learning in the development of global leaders

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is critical to students’ academic and career success. Drawing on experiential learning theory, the current study investigates the extent to which students’ prior internat...

Cultural intelligence development during short-term study abroad programmes: the role of cultural distance and prior international experience

........................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................. 4 Purpose of the Study and Guiding Research Question ...................................................... 6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 7 Philosophical World View ............................................................................................. 12 Theoretical Framework and Research Design ................................................................ 13 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 13 Assumptions .................................................................................................................. 14 Limitations .................................................................................................................... 15 Delimitations ................................................................................................................. 15 Organization of the Study .............................................................................................. 17 Chapter 2: Review of Relevant Literature .................................................................................. 19 Literature Review Methodology .................................................................................... 19 Chapter Structure ........................................................................................................... 20 Section 1a: The Evolution of Transformative Learning Theory – First-wave.................. 23 Section 1b: The Evolution of Transformative Learning Theory – Second-wave ............. 55 Concluding Thoughts on First-wave and Second-wave Literature .................................. 70 Section 2: Scholarly Articles Addressing the Disorienting Dilemma .............................. 72 Section 3: Pointing to the Disorienting Dilemma in Other Learning Theories ................ 80 Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................... 89 Chapter 3: Research Methodology............................................................................................. 91 Research Methodology and Rationale ............................................................................ 91 Research Design ............................................................................................................ 96 Data Collection Methods ............................................................................................... 96 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 101

/pdf/the-seed-of-transformation-a-disorientation-index-4ivz2grhb9.pdf

The seed of transformation: a disorientation index

The involvement of companies in different open innovation activities, through knowledge outputs and inputs, has become increasingly important for the success of companies. However, the existing literature on open innovation is scarce concerning the internationalization process of companies. The internationalization of companies is fundamental in the continuous search to increase the performance of companies externally. The objective of the present research is to explain the strategic processes in the internationalization of companies located in peripheral regions at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of dynamic capabilities. The sample used for this research is composed of seven Portuguese companies. The methodology of qualitative nature is exploratory and uses a case study approach. Regarding the foremost modes of operation in international markets and strategies, we find that (1) companies have partnerships with local distributors or appoint exclusive importers/distributors, and (2) companies prefer to place their products in the market through their brand, “co-branded” projects with retailers, or “private label” projects. Of the seven companies under study, six use a standardization strategy, and one opts for a configuration-coordination strategy. Our findings clarified the literature on export and internationalization strategies in a peripheral country, allowing a closer incept of the organizational and dynamic capabilities and an overview of the supporting tools these companies have to compete in the global market. Our study is original because few articles study the internationalization strategies of companies at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic and in peripheral regions of Europe.

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International Open Innovation Strategies of Firms in European Peripheral Regions


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to serve as a comprehensive review of short-term study abroad (STSA) outcomes to help guide future STSA and study abroad (SA) scholars and practitioners in the further development of the field.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper is the first comprehensive and systematic review of all outcomes of STSA programs within the SA body of research based on 156 papers.


Findings
The study provides the first comprehensive classification of all previously studied STSA outcomes (85) into six categories: cross-cultural outcomes, STSA pedagogy outcomes, personal and professional outcomes; language outcomes; teacher and faculty outcomes; and other outcomes. Distinct sub-categories are identified that provide insights on the current landscape of STSA and related research.


Research limitations/implications
This study makes a significant contribution to the theory and practice of SA, and among the key contributions are a systematic understanding of the scale and scope of STSA outcomes; insights on the most efficient design of future STSA programs; and an expanded understanding of the role and importance of STSA programs in international education. Furthermore, a comprehensive STSA outcomes map develops an extensive research agenda.


Social implications
While the COVID-19 pandemic currently limits the opportunities for STSA, given its previous popularity, the authors envisage a strong return in the coming years of this form of affordable and valuable global learning. STSA programs have become an important component of higher education and which require considerable resources from participants and educational institutions alike. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the impacts of STSA programs and to further improve program design. Such research will serve to better inform both academic understanding of the phenomenon and educational practice.


Originality/value
The study provides the first comprehensive classification of all studied STSA outcomes.


Systematic review of short-term study abroad outcomes and an agenda for future research

International experience (IE) has been acknowledged to be the most useful method for developing global leaders. However, not everyone benefits equally from IE. During the last two decades, our understanding of why this is the case and how global leaders learn from IE has rapidly increased. Several individual and organizational enablers facilitating global leader learning from IE have been identified in the literature, as have learning mechanisms that make such learning possible. However, the literature remains fragmented, and there is a great need to integrate the findings in the field. Therefore, the present paper systematically examines peer-reviewed studies on global leaders' learning from IE published between 1998 and 2019. The study contributes to the extant literature by identifying and integrating individual enablers, organizational enablers, and key learning mechanisms from global leaders' IE and by suggesting topics for future research.

How Global Leaders Learn from International Experience: Reviewing and Advancing Global Leadership Development


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the use of different types of management controls (cost information, budget information, nonfinancial indicators and informal controls) on product innovation mediated by knowledge sharing and moderated by technological turbulence.


Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis have been used in a sample of 142 Brazilian startups that are in the traction stage.


Findings
Informal controls and nonfinancial indicators are used for product innovation, while budget information and cost information have not been shown to be directly associated with product innovation. However, as technological turbulence increases, budget information becomes particularly relevant to the innovation process. Informal controls are directly related to knowledge sharing in the startups studied.


Practical implications
The results can be useful to managers of startups in the traction stage, as the research highlights different management controls and possible combinations that can be used to drive product innovation, in addition to highlighting the role of knowledge sharing in promoting innovation, especially in the context of technological turbulence.


Originality/value
The literature on management control systems (MCS) has challenged the traditional belief that their use is restricted to the entrepreneurial stance of startup companies. The study develops an understanding of how and under what conditions the presence of MCS supports innovation in startup companies, in particular, what types of management controls used by these companies impact product innovation.


Natalia Fey

Papers

How Global Leaders Learn from International Experience: Reviewing and Advancing Global Leadership Development

Use of management controls and product innovation in startups: intervention of knowledge sharing and technological turbulence