and treatable mental disorders presenting in general medical as well as specialty settings. There are a number of case-finding instruments for detecting depression in primary care, ranging from 2 to 28 items.1,2 Typically these can be scored as continuous measures of depression severity and also have established cutpoints above which the probability of major depression is substantially increased. Scores on these various measures tend to be highly correlated3, with little evidence that one measure is superior to any other.1,2,4

The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure

This article develops a theoretical model of the impact of workplace incivility on employees' occupational and psychological well-being. In Study 1, the authors tested the model on 1,158 employees, finding that satisfaction with work and supervisors, as well as mental health, partially mediated effects of personal incivility on turnover intentions and physical health; this process did not vary by gender. Study 2 cross- validated and extended these results on an independent sample of 271 employees, showing negative effects of workgroup incivility that emerged over and above the impact of personal incivility. In both studies, all results held while controlling for general job stress. Implications for organizational science and practice are discussed. Over the past decade, workplace aggression has garnered in- creasing interest in the social and organizational sciences. In researching such conduct as bullying (e.g., Rayner, 1997), psycho- logical aggression (e.g., Baron & Neuman, 1996), and interper- sonal aggression (Glomb & Liao, 2003), scholars have focused on behaviors that involve a clear sense of intentional hostility from the aggressor. In contrast, the current study addresses workplace incivility, a "milder" form of interpersonal mistreatment in which intentionality is less apparent. Unlike other antisocial work behav- iors, such as harassment or sabotage, incivility typically does not warrant legal attention. Yet because of the lack of sanctions, organizations might often dismiss incivility as transient and trivial conduct that merits no intervention. We aim in this study to dispel these notions by demonstrating that seemingly minor instances of disrespect can have a measurable adverse impact on the workforce. Specifically, this study extends the nascent literature on workplace incivility in three primary ways. First, we propose a model of medi- ating processes that link incivility to key outcomes in occupational health psychology. Although it might seem obvious that experiences of mistreatment should have negative outcomes, it is important to understand why and how such everyday forms of disrespect can have wide-ranging costs. We help advance the incivility-outcome literature by grounding our model more extensively in theory (e.g., affective events theory; dysempowerment theory) and by identifying both direct and indirect pathways of harm. Second, extant research on workplace incivility has been restricted to a single level of analysis, focusing primarily on individual instigators and targets. This has likely led to the assumption that incivility is an individual-level problem that is limited to the parties directly involved. We challenge this assumption by examining incivility at the group level and inves- tigate whether its negative impact extends beyond targeted individuals to other employees who work alongside them. Finally, theory sug- gests that women demand stronger norms of respect than men do because of enhanced interpersonal sensitivity. Although incivility represents a violation of interpersonal norms of respect, past research has not examined whether men and women experience the effects of workplace incivility differentially; we address this question in the current study.

https://lsa.umich.edu/psych/lilia-cortina-lab/Lim%20Cortina%20&%20Magley%202008.pdf

Personal and workgroup incivility: impact on work and health outcomes.

Theorists have proposed that depression is associated with abnormalities in the behavioral activation (BAS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS) systems. In particular, depressed individuals are hypothesized to exhibit deficient BAS and overactive BIS functioning. Self-reported levels of BAS and BIS were examined in 62 depressed participants and 27 nondepressed controls. Clinical functioning was assessed at intake and at 8-month follow-up. Relative to nondepressed controls, depressed participants reported lower BAS levels and higher BIS levels. Within the depressed group, lower BAS levels were associated with greater concurrent depression severity and predicted worse 8-month outcome. Levels of both BIS and BAS showed considerable stability over time and clinical state. Overall, results suggest that BAS dysregulation exacerbates the presentation and course of depressive illness.

/pdf/behavioral-activation-and-inhibition-systems-and-the-1vtschjwaa.pdf

Behavioral activation and inhibition systems and the severity and course of depression.

Research has not resolved whether depression is associated with a distinct information-processing bias, whether the content of the information-processing bias in depression is specific to themes of loss and sadness, or whether biases are consistent across the tasks most commonly used to assess attention and memory processing. In the present study, participants diagnosed with major depression, social phobia, or no Axis I disorder, completed several information-processing tasks assessing attention and memory for sad, socially threatening, physically threatening, and positive stimuli. As predicted, depressed participants exhibited specific biases for stimuli connoting sadness; social phobic participants did not evidence such specificity for threat stimuli. It is important to note that the different measures of bias in memory and attention were not systematically intercorrelated. Implications for the study of cognitive bias in depression, and for cognitive theory more broadly, are discussed.

/pdf/coherence-and-specificity-of-information-processing-biases-jezmo8oqpz.pdf

Coherence and Specificity of Information-Processing Biases in Depression and Social Phobia.

Depressed individuals often fail to react to emotionally significant stimuli. The significance of this pattern of emotional dysregulation in depression is poorly understood. In the present study, depressed and nondepressed participants viewed standardized neutral, sad, fear, and amusing films; and experiential, behavioral, and physiological responses to each film were assessed. Compared with nondepressed controls, depressed participants reported sadness and amusement in a flattened, context-insensitive manner. Those depressed participants who reported the least reactivity to the sad film exhibited the greatest concurrent impairment. Prospectively, the depressed participant who exhibited the least behavioral and heart rate reactivity to the amusing film were the least likely to recover from depression. Loss of the context-appropriate modulation of emotion in depression may reflect a core feature of emotion dysregulation in this disorder.

/pdf/sadness-and-amusement-reactivity-differentially-predict-21i2sccilg.pdf

Sadness and amusement reactivity differentially predict concurrent and prospective functioning in major depressive disorder.

Contents: M.E. Maruish, Preface. Part I:General Considerations. M.E. Maruish, Introduction. C.J. Peek, R. Heinrich, Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care. M. Evers-Szostak, Integration of Behavioral Health Care Services in Pediatric Primary Care Settings. L.R. Derogatis, L.L. Lynn, II, Screening and Monitoring Psychiatric Disorder in Primary Care Populations. C.L. Ofstead, D.S. Gorban, D.L. Lum, Integrating Behavioral Health Assessment With Primary Care Services. Part II:Assessment Instruments. S.R. Hahn, K. Kroenke, J.B.W. Williams, R.L. Spitzer, Evaluation of Mental Disorders With the PRIME-MD. G.R. Grissom, K.I. Howard, Directions and COMPASS-PC. J. Shedler, The Shedler QPD Panel (Quick PsychoDiagnostics Panel): A Psychiatric "Lab Test" for Primary Care. L.R. Derogatis, K.L. Savitz, The SCL-90-R and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in Primary Care. M.E. Maruish, Applications of the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) in Primary Care Settings. P.J. Brantley, S.K. Jeffries, Daily Stress Inventory (DSI) and Weekly Stress Inventory (WSI). P.J. Brantley. D.J. Mehan, Jr., J.L. Thomas, The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). K.A. Kobak, W.M. Reynolds, The Hamilton Depression Inventory. T.L. Kramer, G.R. Smith, Tools to Improve the Detection and Treatment of Depression in Primary Care. F. Scogin, N. Rohen, E. Bailey, Geriatric Depression Scale. R.J. Ferguson, Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory in Primary Care. L.J. Davis, Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST). G.J. Demakis, M.G. Mercury, J.J. Sweet, Screening for Cognitive Impairments in Primary Care Settings. H.P. Wetzler, D.L. Lum, D.M. Bush, Using the SF-36 Health Survey in Primary Care. A. Murray, D.G. Safran, The Primary Care Assessment Survey: A Tool for Measuring, Monitoring, and Improving Primary Care. S.R. Hahn, The Difficult Doctor Patient Relationship Questionnaire. Part III:Primary and Behavioral Health Care Integration Projects. P. Robinson, K. Strosahl, Improving Care for a Primary Care Population: Depression as an Example. A. Beck, C. Nimmer, A Case Study: The Kaiser Permanente Integrated Care Project. L. Goldstein, B. Bershadsky, M.E. Maruish, The INOVA Primary Behavioral Health Care Pilot Project. Part IV:Future Directions. K.A. Kobak, J.C. Mundt, D.J. Katzelnick, Future Directions in Psychological Assessment and Treatment in Primary Care Settings.

Assessment of Pain in Primary Care Settings

36Background: ASCO guidelines recommend cancer survivors be evaluated, treated, & reassessed for depression & anxiety along the trajectory of care. To meet these guidelines, UT Southwestern Moncrief Cancer Institute instituted an integrated approach to mental health screening, assessment, & navigation called MH-SCAN. (Andersen, BL, Rowland, JH, Somerfield, MR. Screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: an American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline adaptation.J Onc Prac, 2015. 11(2): p. 133-134.) Methods: MH-SCAN uses the Vital Sign6 (VS6) program, a web-based application to screen & monitor psychiatric symptoms, and to give feedback regarding measurement-based care (MBC). Measures are repeated at 2-week intervals when possible for those who need treatment. Our implementation process, including training & workflows, will be reviewed. Results: Patients (N = 415) enrolled from 9/1/15 to 8/1/16 in our community-based Survivorship Program (see table) were scr...

Natalie N. Benedetto

Papers

Assessment of Pain in Primary Care Settings

Implementing mental health screening, assessment, and navigation program in a community-based survivorship program.