Prison employees are often confronted with critical incidents and chronic stressors that may lead to trauma or burnout symptoms. However, most of the research on clinical aspects of interpersonal violence in prisons (inmates-to-staff violence, specifically) focuses either on trauma or on burnout. The purpose of the present study is (a) to examine both burnout and posttraumatic stress among prison staff and (b) to examine the influences of inmates-to-staff violent relations on posttraumatic stress in terms of risk profile to develop PTSD. A random sample of French correctional employees has completed various self-reported questionnaires assessing burnout, posttraumatic stress, and stress as well as victimization and demographic characteristics. Correctional employees demonstrated high levels of PTSD symptoms, burnout, and stress. Violent interactions with inmates lead to experienced trauma of all types (PTSD, secondary, or vicarious trauma). Results have highlighted a prison worker's profile prone to PTSD: he or she expresses high levels of emotional exhaustion, intense levels of stress, high levels of depersonalization, and high levels of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperreactivity. This study contributes to an understanding of the literature by explaining the complex association between burnout and posttraumatic stress after interpersonal violence. These findings suggest a need to support prison workers and to address inmates-to-staff relational dynamics.

Inmates-to-Staff Assaults, PTSD and Burnout Profiles of Risk and Vulnerability

Dans les pays industrialises, la duree de scolarisation s’allonge, formant des cohortes d’individus de plus en plus diplomes. Dans un contexte de fort taux du chomage en France et plus particulierement des jeunes, l’alternance (et plus particulierement l’apprentissage) est promue comme « la » solution par les institutions. L’alternance aurait des vertus en termes de professionnalisation et d’insertion dans l’emploi par une logique d’adequation formation-emploi. Cependant, la population des alternant e s ne constitue pas un miroir fidele de la composition des jeunes en formation sur le territoire national en termes de mixite sociale, de sexe ou des origines. Parmi ces jeunes, certain-e-s choisissent une formation en alternance du superieur court – dont l’objectif est l’insertion rapide – avec des destinees differentes : le marche de l’emploi ou la poursuite de leur formation. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche s’interesse a l’elaboration du projet d’orientation et professionnel des alternant-e-s engage-e-s dans des formations dispensees par des organismes prives dans deux specialites transversales aux secteurs d’activites des entreprises. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre la dynamique des processus en jeu durant cette periode et leur impact sur les projets et leurs concretisations en fin de formation. Dans cette perspective, notre travail se concretise par une recherche qualitative et longitudinale avec une focalisation sur les relations entre les environnements, les comportements et la personne. L’analyse montre que le recrutement est une rencontre « forcee » entre des entreprises de tailles differentes et des publics aux intentions et aux origines diverses (specialites, voies de formation, statuts). Cette rencontre produit des effets differents tout au long de la formation en fonction de la biographie des individus sans bouleverser les habitus de genre du monde du travail

Une étude longitudinale de l’élaboration des projets des alternant-e-s dans deux formations du supérieur court : du renouveau des ambitions à l’anticipation des perspectives

Jusqu'a la derniere decennie du XVIIIe siecle, Saint-Domingue etait la colonie de plantation la plus prospere du continent americain. Ce fut precisement dans le nord de ce territoire insulaire que se produisit en 1791 la rebellion d'esclaves qui marqua peut-etre le plus l'histoire du Nouveau Monde. Cet evenement a ete suivi par des conflits civils et militaires qui, ulterieurement, ont conduit a l'Independance d'Haiti en 1804. Des le debut de ce processus de nature sociale et politique, la situation des Blancs s'en trouva affectee, notamment dans les societes esclavagistes voisines qui craignaient pour leur propre paix interieure et s'alarmerent de la violence d'une insurrection qui deboucha sur une Republique independante dirigee exclusivement par des Noirs et des mulâtres. De cette crainte collective on trouve des manifestations presque dans toute la Grande Caraibe, aussi bien de manifestations d'angoisse, de peur que de panique, ainsi dans le discours tenu sur ce point par les Blancs. Elles continuerent de se manifester tout au long du XIXe siecle, jusqu'a ce que l'esclavage fut aboli dans chaque territoire, et parfois meme au-dela. Ces manifestations mettent en evidence l'existence d'un traumatisme de portee supranationale lie aux evenements survenus dans la « Perle des Antilles », et a la reception de ces derniers jusqu'a constituer un « syndrome collectif ». Notre travail s'attache par consequent a determiner la veritable extension et les consequences de ce phenomene, en analysant dans le detail et dans diverses aires culturelles du Monde Atlantique (anglophone et hispanophone) chacune de ses manifestations, voire de ses enjeux sur le plan politique, a travers des outils analytiques inspires notamment des sciences cognitives.

Le syndrome de Saint-Domingue. Perceptions et représentations de la Révolution haïtienne dans le Monde atlantique, 1790-1886

This paper studies the moderating effect of Transformational Leadership (TL) on the relationship between Deviant Workplace Behavior (DWB) and Job Performance (JP). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 288 (n=288) respondents using quota sampling approach. The analysis shows that employees’ DWB negates JP and there is a moderating effect of TL behavior on the relationships of DWB and JP. TL can moderate the behavior of deviant employees which, in turn, contributes to accelerating JP.  This study brings forth implications both for academics and professionals. It encourages more researches from academics on it and robust application of these findings for professionals for the effective utilization of their talents. It also proposes that the punitive approach of dealing with deviant employees requires replacement with appropriate leadership styles.

https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_65141_c744a5c3ad1396aa4e16a668fe4143bf.pdf

Deviant Workplace Behavior and Job Performance: The Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership

Background War, as a stressor event, has a variety of acute and chronic negative consequences, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this context, early maladaptive schema-based problems in PTSD have recently become an important research area. The aim of this study was to assess early maladaptive schemas in patients with acute and chronic PTSD. Method Using available sampling methods and diagnostic criteria, 30 patients with chronic PTSD, 30 patients with acute PTSD, and 30 normal military personnel who were matched in terms of age and wartime experience were selected and assessed with the Young Schema Questionnaire-Long Form, Beck Depression Inventory second version (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Impact of Events Scale (IES). Results Both acute and chronic PTSD patients, when compared with normal military personnel, had higher scores for all early maladaptive schemas. Additionally, veterans suffering from chronic PTSD, as compared with veterans suffering from acute PTSD and veterans without PTSD, reported more impaired schemas related, for instance, to Self-Control, Social Isolation, and Vulnerability to Harm and Illness. Discussion The results of the present study have significant preventative, diagnostic, clinical, research, and educational implications with respect to PTSD.

/pdf/differences-in-maladaptive-schemas-between-patients-3zt3q8qf9g.pdf

Differences in maladaptive schemas between patients suffering from chronic and acute posttraumatic stress disorder and healthy controls.

Introduction and objective Guards are employed to maintain prison security partly because of inmate violence. In this environment, traumatic events such as attacks are frequent. In the aftermath of such events, two major psychopathological consequences can affect guards: (a) post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or disorder (PTSD or ASD) and (b) early maladaptive schema (EMS) re-enactment. The current study addresses inmate-on-staff attacks in terms of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and EMS re-enactment. Method and results Two hundred and thirty-five prison guards were assessed for (1) PTSS with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and (2) EMS with SCP II, a French EMS inventory. Post-traumatic stress symptoms are high among prison guards and “mistrust” EMS are significantly more re-enacted than other EMS. Correctional guards with PTSD show significantly higher EMS re-enactment levels than those without post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions It appeared that inmate-on-staff attacks cause re-enactment of “mistrust” EMS in particular. We hypothesize a particular relationship between EMS and PTSD: after a traumatic event, EMS may be re-enacted. Once EMS are re-enacted, they act as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress symptoms. In return, post-traumatic symptoms may maintain EMS enactment. Further studies are necessary; nevertheless, we now know the importance of psychological help for prison guards.

/pdf/traumatic-events-and-early-maladaptive-schemas-ems-prison-49pcieyfku.pdf

Traumatic events and early maladaptive schemas (EMS): Prison guard psychological vulnerability

Iconography : Traumatic events and early maladaptive schemas (EMS): Prison guard psychological vulnerability

The effects of facial attractiveness, sex, internality of applicants on hiring decisions for managerial and non-managerial jobs

Resume La notion de « dangerosite » prend actuellement une importance croissante au niveau de la Justice, les magistrats et les surveillants de prison etant ainsi amenes a devoir frequemment l’evaluer Se pose alors la question de la signification attribuee par ces professionnels a la dangerosite Les resultats des entretiens realises aupres de ces deux groupes ainsi qu’avec des citoyens revelent des representations plutot homogenes quant a l’individu dangereux mais fortement heterogenes en ce qui concerne les situations dangereuses En confirmant l’existence de plusieurs dangerosites (sociale, penale et carcerale), ces resultats montrent aussi que toute evaluation de la dangerosite ne peut etre satisfaisante que si elle s’inscrit dans une approche a la fois clinique et sociale

Individu dangereux et situations dangereuses: les représentations sociales de la dangerosité chez les citoyens, les magistrats et les surveillants de prison

According to Weiner’s model, help giving has various determinants such as social and individual causes, affective reactions, and responsibility. The aim of this study was (1) to examine the influence of bullying acts, the victim’s behavior at work, and revictimization on equity judgments and the perceived responsibility of perpetrators and victims; and (2) to test the determinants of help decisions. Twelve vignettes of bullying at work submitted to 133 participants varied according to the severity of bullying, the victim’s pro- or antisocial behaviors, and the victim’s antecedents. The results showed that the situation was judged less equitable, the victim less responsible, and the perpetrator more responsible, and the intention of help was increased, (1) when the perpetrator’s acts were serious, and (2) when the bullied person had shown prosocial behavior versus antisocial behavior. The help increased more (1) when the perpetrator’s acts were harmful and (2) when the victim had shown prosocial behaviors.

Nathalie Przygodzki-Lionet

Papers

Traumatic events and early maladaptive schemas (EMS): Prison guard psychological vulnerability

Iconography : Traumatic events and early maladaptive schemas (EMS): Prison guard psychological vulnerability

The effects of facial attractiveness, sex, internality of applicants on hiring decisions for managerial and non-managerial jobs

Individu dangereux et situations dangereuses: les représentations sociales de la dangerosité chez les citoyens, les magistrats et les surveillants de prison

Workplace Bullying and Victims’ Prosocial or Antisocial Behaviors: What Are the Effects on Equity, Responsibility Judgments, and Help Giving?