Objective: This study illustrates the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and obesity in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes compared with controls. Design and methods: Participants attended the School of Community Health, Diabetes Screening Clinic, Charles Sturt University, Australia, between February 2006 and June 2008. A total of 162 participants (35 type 2 diabetic patients; eight prediabetic subjects: and 119 age-, gender-, and weight-matched controls) were investigated. All patients were selected on clinical grounds. Results: Serum 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) level was significantly greater in the prediabetic subjects (671.3±140 pg/ml) compared with controls (210.1 ±166 pg/ml: P<0.01). The diabetic group (1979.6±1209 pg/ml) had the highest level of 8-OHdG. There was a significant increase in serum 8-OHdG in obese subjects (848.5 ± 103 pg/ml; P<0.001) and overweight subjects (724±102 pg/ml; P=0.005) compared with the lean subjects (196.5±327 pg/ml). Conclusion: Our results indicate that serum 8-OHdG is increased already in prediabetes suggesting oxidative DNA damage to be present with minor elevation of blood glucose levels (BGLs). The statistically significant positive correlation between serum 8-OHdG and body mass index in the diabetic group indicates that obesity has an additive effect to increased BGL contributing to oxidative DNA damage.

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Oxidative DNA damage and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Complementary and alternative medicine use among Jordanian patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVES 
To assess the impact of diet and physical activity on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) after adjusting for family history of diabetes.
 METHODS 
We conducted a case-control study in Al-Qassim, KSA to test the hypothesis that dietary practices and physical activity modify the risk of type 2 diabetes regardless of family history. Male and female Saudi citizens 30-70 years of age were eligible to participate. The sample included 283 cases (T2DM patients) and 215 non-diabetic controls randomly selected from patients visiting the primary health care centers from September to November 2009. We collected information on demographic variables, family history, dietary habits, and physical activity. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for dietary habits and physical activity after controlling for the effects of gender, age, education, and family history of diabetes.
 RESULTS 
There is strong association between diabetes and maternal history of diabetes, education, lack of exercise, and dietary habits. The AOR for regular eating of Kabsa was 5.5 (95% confidence limits [CL]: 2.3-13.5); for vegetables an AOR of 0.4 (95% CL: 0.2-0.7); for dates an AOR of 1.8 (95% CL: 1.0-3.3) ;and the AOR for sedentary lifestyle was 2.5 (95% CL: 1.2-5.0).
 CONCLUSIONS 
Healthy diet and active lifestyle may significantly decrease the risk of T2DM in spite of having a family history of diabetes. Effective health education programs promoting healthy diet and regular exercise are needed to reduce the burden of diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Lifestyle related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.

Aims/Introduction

To estimate the prevalence and clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in productive aged urban Indonesians based on the National Basic Health Research 2007.



Materials and Methods

The statistical analyses of a cross-sectional survey included the data of 15,332 adults, aged 18–55 years, living in an urban area. Blood glucose was measured by an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer by 2-h, 75-g post glucose load after an overnight fast. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure data were measured and recorded, whereas the sociodemographic and prior illness data were collected by interviewing the participants.



Results

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in productive age urban Indonesians was 4.6%, consisting of 1.1% previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus and 3.5% undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus affected more women than men, which increased with age, was higher among the high socioeconomic group and increased with increasing body mass index. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in centrally obese people. Hypertension was highly related with diabetes mellitus occurrence. The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus with overweight or obese was 68.4%, with central obesity 41.7%, with hypertension 41.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes respondents with overweight or obese was 68,7%, with central obesity 43.8%, with hypertension 49.4% and with dyslipidemia more than 50%.



Conclusions

These results show that comprehensive strategies for the prevention and control of the problem of diabetes are urgently required.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jdi.12177

Prevalence and clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in productive aged urban Indonesians.

Quality of diabetes care in low- and middle-income Asian and Middle Eastern countries (1993-2012): 20-year systematic review.

OBJECTIVES 
To determine the frequency and patterns of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to estimate the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables on dyslipidemia.
 METHODS 
The setting took place in The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG) at the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. The NCDEG is the only referral center in the country; therefore, the patients represent the population in different parts of the country. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 702 patients with DM from the NCDEG aged > or =20 years were consecutively enrolled between June 2005 and July 2006. Medical record abstraction of sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data was performed.
 RESULTS 
The frequency of hypercholesterolemia was 77.2%, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was 83.9%, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was 91.5%, and hypertriglyceridemia was 83.1%. Females had greater abnormalities in lipid profiles. High LDL-cholesterol was the most common dyslipidemia in combination (91.5%) and in isolation (12.8%). Gender and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) predicted high total cholesterol; age and hypothyroidism predicted low HDL-cholesterol, gender predicted high LDL-cholesterol; and use of beta-blockers predicted high triglycerides.
 CONCLUSIONS 
Over 90% of patients with type 2 DM had one or more types of dyslipidemia. The most common dyslipidemia in our study was high LDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides as reported in the literature. We recommend aggressive drug management, education, counseling, and behavioral interventions.

Nazik M. Abdel-Aal

Papers

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan.