The security of healthcare and telemedicine systems is a critical issue that must be significantly investigated. Several smart telemedicine applications are expected to be adopted in the medical sector in the incoming years. Healthcare smart products that are connected through Internet to be accessible anytime and anywhere are expected to deal with critical and confidential information such as personal medical images. Therefore, medical image encryption is an important task in telemedicine and healthcare applications. This paper presents an efficient cryptosystem for medical image security based on exploiting the advantages of the de-oxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) rules and chaos maps. In the proposed medical image cryptosystem, logistic chaos map, piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM), and DNA encoding are employed. The PWLCM is employed to generate a secret key image. Then, the DNA rules are utilized for encoding the secret key image and the input plain image by rows that are encoded with the logistic chaos map. After that, the proposed logistic map is employed to obtain an intermediate image as another secret key image to set DNA functions row-by-row on the coded original image. Moreover, the intermediate image is decoded in the following stage. Finally, the previous actions are iterated through image columns once again to obtain the best ciphered image. The experimental results reveal that the suggested cryptosystem has a high security with an acceptable processing time. In addition, it can resist various kinds of attacks, such as known-plaintext and chosen-plaintext attacks.

Robust medical image encryption based on DNA-chaos cryptosystem for secure telemedicine and healthcare applications

This study examines how the application of the IoT in smart cities is discussed in the current academic literature. Based on bibliometric techniques, 1,802 articles were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed to identify the temporal nature of IoT research, the most relevant journals, authors, countries, keywords, and studies. The software tool VOSviewer was used to build the keyword co-occurrence network and to cluster the pertinent literature. Results show the significant growth of IoT research in recent years. The most productive authors, journals, and countries were also identified. The main findings from the keyword co-occurrence clustering and an in-depth qualitative analysis indicate that the IoT is used alongside other technologies including cloud computing, big data analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and wireless telecommunication networks. The major applications of the IoT for smart cities include smart buildings, transportation, healthcare, smart parking, and smart grids. This review is one of the first attempts to map global IoT research in a smart city context and uses a comprehensive set of articles and bibliometric techniques to provide scholars and practitioners with an overview of what has been studied so far and to identify research gaps at the intersection of the IoT and the smart city. 

The big picture on the internet of things and the smart city: a review of what we know and what we need to know

Patient behavioral analysis is the key factor for providing treatment to patients who may suffer from various difficulties including neurological disease, head trauma, and mental disease. Analyzing the patient’s behavior helps in determining the root cause of the disease. In traditional healthcare, patient behavioral analysis has lots of challenges that were much more difficult. The patient behavior can be easily analyzed with the development of smart healthcare. Information technology plays a key role in understanding the concept of smart healthcare. A new generation of information technologies including IoT and cloud computing is used for changing the traditional healthcare system in all ways. Using Internet of Things in the healthcare institution enhances the effectiveness as well as makes it more personalized and convenient to the patients. The first thing that will be discussed in the article is the technologies that have been used to support the smart class, and further, there will be a discussion on the existing problems with the smart healthcare system and how these problems can be solved. This study can provide essential information about the role of smart healthcare and IoT in maintaining behavior of patent. Various biomarkers are maintained properly with the help of these technologies. This study can provide effective information about importance of smart health system. This smart healthcare is conducted with the involvement of proper architecture. This is treated as effective energy efficiency architecture. Artificial intelligence is used increasingly in healthcare to maintain diagnosis and other important factors of healthcare. This application is also used to maintain patient engagement, which is also included in this study. Major hardware components are also included in this technology such as CO sensor and CO2 sensor.

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Patient Behavioral Analysis with Smart Healthcare and IoT

As life expectancy is mostly increasing, the incidence of many neurological disorders is also constantly growing. For improving the physical functions affected by a neurological disorder, rehabilitation procedures are mandatory, and they must be performed regularly. Unfortunately, neurorehabilitation procedures have disadvantages in terms of costs, accessibility and a lack of therapists. This paper presents Immersive Neurorehabilitation Exercises Using Virtual Reality (INREX-VR), our innovative immersive neurorehabilitation system using virtual reality. The system is based on a thorough research methodology and is able to capture real-time user movements and evaluate joint mobility for both upper and lower limbs, record training sessions and save electromyography data. The use of the first-person perspective increases immersion, and the joint range of motion is calculated with the help of both the HTC Vive system and inverse kinematics principles applied on skeleton rigs. Tutorial exercises are demonstrated by a virtual therapist, as they were recorded with real-life physicians, and sessions can be monitored and configured through tele-medicine. Complex movements are practiced in gamified settings, encouraging self-improvement and competition. Finally, we proposed a training plan and preliminary tests which show promising results in terms of accuracy and user feedback. As future developments, we plan to improve the system's accuracy and investigate a wireless alternative based on neural networks.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6045/pdf

Flexible Virtual Reality System for Neurorehabilitation and Quality of Life Improvement

A microservice architecture for real-time IoT data processing: A reusable Web of things approach for smart ports

Internet of things (IoT) enables organizations to automate the process and improves service delivery through Internet technology and transferring the data at the cloud level IoT does not allow the use of a universal software architecture for different fields in which it is used, but needs to be adjusted according to the requirements of users This paper presents an analysis of currently available types of software architectures of the IoT systems in the field of smart cities, healthcare, and agriculture It provides a proposal for solutions and improvements of different software architecture types, interactions between identified software architecture elements that will provide better performance and simplicity The novelty of the study is the analysis of different types of IoT software architecture such as: layered, service-oriented and cloud-based software architecture application in these areas of IoT Based on the analysis, the study proposed the type of software architecture of the IoT system for the relevant area of application (smart city, healthcare, and agriculture) Specific points of research are: analysis of different types of software architecture applied in IoT systems, identification of functionalities available in IoT systems through different types of software architecture, the proposal for enhancement of the above functionalities, and proposal of software architecture that is most relevant to the IoT system of a particular area

Software architecture of the internet of things (IoT) for smart city, healthcare and agriculture: analysis and improvement directions

Adaptive approaches within distance learning systems enable adapting teaching process to the needs of each learner during the learning process. This paper presents an algorithm for creating an adaptive learning process that provides knowledge and skills improvement for learners in the Java programming language. Also, it presents the application of the tool that checks the learner's knowledge through solving practical tasks from the Java programming language. The adaptive learning process in this work leads the learner through teaching materials and practical tasks where the acquired knowledge is required to be applied. Also, the algorithm, based on the measurement of knowledge and time spent on a particular part of the learning process with detailed feedback and the demonstration of observed deficiencies, directs the learner to teaching materials that allow improving the demonstrated knowledge. Teaching materials are conceived as learning objects and, as such, allow for the application of adaptive approach. An analysis of the effectiveness of the algorithm and tool for practical knowledge testing from the Java programming language was done with a test group of learners who gave their opinions and grades.

Algorithm for adaptive learning process and improving learners’ skills in Java programming language

Design and implementation of discrete Jaya and discrete PSO algorithms for automatic collaborative learning group composition in an e-learning system

In this paper, an approach to personalization of e-learning is proposed and implemented. This method provides different learning materials to various categories of students. The method of personalization uses fine-grained learning objects and learning processes with branching. Each learning activity uses atomic or complex learning objects. Evaluation activities measure achieved learning results and direct a student to appropriate next learning or other activity. Students also have the opportunity to choose one of offered learning or other activities, according to the overall design of a learning process. Using evaluation results, or students' choice of suggested activities, a master model of a learning process may generate different learning paths to various categories of student, providing them different teaching materials for each lesson of an online course.

Nebojša Gavrilović

Papers

Software architecture of the internet of things (IoT) for smart city, healthcare and agriculture: analysis and improvement directions

Algorithm for adaptive learning process and improving learners’ skills in Java programming language

Design and implementation of discrete Jaya and discrete PSO algorithms for automatic collaborative learning group composition in an e-learning system

Personalization of e-learning by using of learning processes with branching