Neil Gilbert

TL;DR: Gilbert, Parton, and Skivenes as mentioned in this paper discussed the role of the Universal Welfare State in child protection and highlighted the need for a child-centered perspective in the U.S. Child Welfare System.

TL;DR: Gilbert as discussed by the authors assesses what welfare looks like in a free market world and finds a fundamental transformation in the welfare state-a turn away from broad-based entitlements and automatic benefits to a new, "enabling" approach defined by policies designed to promote privatization and labor force participation.

Abstract: All chapters end with "Notes." Preface. 1. The Field of Social Welfare Policy. Institutional Perspectives on the Study of Social Welfare Policy. Evolving Institutions and the Welfare State. Analytic Perspectives on the Study of Social Welfare Policy. Political Perspectives on the Study of Social Welfare Policy. Individualist and Collective Approaches to Planning. Conceptions of the Public Interest. Competing Values: Participation, Leadership, and Expertise. Why Policy Analysis is Relevant to Direct Service Practitioners. Emerging Issues: Feminist Perspectives on Social Welfare. 2. The Modern Welfare State. The Evolving Welfare State. Theories of Welfare Growth. Is America Exceptional? Welfare Goals. Welfare Scope. Welfare Realms. Emerging Issues: Renegotiating the Boundaries. 3. A Framework for Social Welfare Policy Analysis. Benefit Allocations in the Social Market and the Mixed Economy on Welfare. Elements of an Analytic Framework: Dimensions of Choice. An Example: The Transformation of Social Services. Application of the Framework. Distributive Justice in Public Assistance. Individual and Collective Values in Public Assistance. Theories, Assumptions, and Social Choice. Emerging Issues: The Search for Equity. 4. The Basis of Social Allocation. Who Shall Benefit? Universality and Selectivity in Income Maintenance. Child Support and Asset Building. Social Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness. Another Perspective on Allocation: A Continuum of Choice. Allocative Principles and Institutional-Residual Conceptions of Social Welfare. Operationalizing the Allocative Principles. Eligibility Versus Access. Emerging Issues: Generational Equity. 5. The Nature of Social Provisions. Basic Forms: Cash Versus In-Kind. Alternative Forms: An Extension of Choice. Vouchers: Balancing Social control and Consumer Choice. Substance of the Social Provision. Social Provisions as Reflections of Policy Values. Cash, Kind, and the Cycles of Public Assistance. Emerging Issues: Choice for Whom? 6. The Design of the Delivery System. Privatization and Commercialization in Service Delivery. Promoting Coherence and Accessibility: Service Delivery Strategies. Unsettled Questions. Selecting Strategies. Emerging Issues: Services Rationing and Managed Care. 7. The Mode of Finance: Sources of Funds. Sources of Funds. The Philanthropic Contribution. Contributory Schemes and Fee Charging. Public Financing: Not Entirely a Public Matter. Emerging Issues: Financing Social Security. 8. The Mode of Finance: Systems of Transfer. Centralization, Decentralization, and Their Ideologies. How the Money Flows. How Transfers Are Conditioned. Devolving Public Welfare. AFDC to TANF. Emerging Issues: Immigrants, Social Policy, and the States. 9. Policy Dimensions: International Trends in the 21st Century. Pressures for Change. Directions of Change. Implications of Change.

TL;DR: A comparative analysis of child welfare systems in 10 countries identifies three broad functional orientations (child protection, family service and child development) around the problem definition, mode of intervention and role of the state: the changes in policies and practices since the mid-1990s suggest the possibility of functional convergence with moderate versions of the child protection and family service orientations incorporated within the more comprehensive approach of child development.