The idea that a new generation of students is entering the education system has excited recent attention among educators and education commentators. Termed ‘digital natives’ or the ‘Net generation’, these young people are said to have been immersed in technology all their lives, imbuing them with sophisticated technical skills and learning preferences for which traditional education is unprepared. Grand claims are being made about the nature of this generational change and about the urgent necessity for educational reform in response. A sense of impending crisis pervades this debate. However, the actual situation is far from clear. In this paper, the authors draw on the fields of education and sociology to analyse the digital natives debate. The paper presents and questions the main claims made about digital natives and analyses the nature of the debate itself. We argue that rather than being empirically and theoretically informed, the debate can be likened to an academic form of a ‘moral panic’. We propose that a more measured and disinterested approach is now required to investigate ‘digital natives’ and their implications for education.

/pdf/the-digital-natives-debate-a-critical-review-of-the-evidence-1fsfykqt2p.pdf

The 'digital natives' debate: a critical review of the evidence

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/pdf/educating-the-net-generation-3uuxbqsy35.pdf

Educating the Net Generation

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0149206309352246

Generational Differences in Work Values: Leisure and Extrinsic Values Increasing, Social and Intrinsic Values Decreasing:

A cross-temporal meta-analysis found that narcissism levels have risen over the generations in 85 samples of American college students who completed the 40-item forced-choice Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) between 1979 and 2006 (total n=16,475) Mean narcissism scores were significantly correlated with year of data collection when weighted by sample size (beta=53, p<001) Since 1982, NPI scores have increased 033 standard deviation Thus, almost two-thirds of recent college students are above the mean 1979-1985 narcissism score, a 30% increase The results complement previous studies finding increases in other individualistic traits such as assertiveness, agency, self-esteem, and extraversion

Egos inflating over time: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory.

The current study examines changes over time in a commonly used measure of dispositional empathy. A cross-temporal meta-analysis was conducted on 72 samples of American college students who completed at least one of the four subscales (Empathic Concern, Perspective Taking, Fantasy, and Personal Distress) of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) between 1979 and 2009 (total N = 13,737). Overall, the authors found changes in the most prototypically empathic subscales of the IRI: Empathic Concern was most sharply dropping, followed by Perspective Taking. The IRI Fantasy and Personal Distress subscales exhibited no changes over time. Additional analyses found that the declines in Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern are relatively recent phenomena and are most pronounced in samples from after 2000.

https://www.ipearlab.org/media/publications/Changes_in_Dispositional_Empathy_-_Sara_Konrath.pdf

Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis

In recent years, policy experts worldwide have come The rudimentary state of immigration projections to understand the importance of demographic projecis a cause for concern. Over the past few decades, net tions in their efforts to think strategically about longimmigration rates in most developed countries have term challenges, from national security to retirement surged, more than doubling in the United States and security. Much progress has been made in improvWestern Europe as a whole since the 1960s. This ing the fertility and longevity modules of the demosurge has occurred, moreover, during a period in graphic projection puzzle. Little progress, however, which both public opinion and immigration policy in has been made in dealing with cross-border migration most countries have grown increasingly restrictive. or (more specifi cally, from the point of view of most With undocumented or “illegal” entry growing faster developed countries) immigration. than any other type of immigration, policy experts Offi cial immigration projections, both in the are no longer confi dent that total immigration is still United States and abroad, remain largely ad hoc and subject to the effective control of national policy. judgmental. Some projection-making agencies simThe range of plausible assumptions regarding ply assume that net immigration will stay constant long-term immigration rates is therefore widening. at the current level throughout the projection period. Unbounded by any consensus projection method, this Most of the rest trend the current level until it reaches widening range can generate a similarly widening a “target” or “ultimate” level, which is typically based and often dramatic variety of long-term population on the historical average over some recent period. A outcomes. The spread between the “low” and “high” few agencies explicitly build their projections around immigration variants for the U.S. Census Bureau current national immigration policy. When describprojection for the national population in 2100, for ing how they make assumptions, most agencies offer example, is 417 million — from a total of 438 million little more than a vague reference to “expert opinion,” in the low variant to a total of 854 million in the high “national policy,” or “historical experience.” Few if variant (see Figure 1). This is a very signifi cant difany use assumptions that are justifi ed by any explicit ference from any policy perspective. reference to a theory of how or why immigration happens.

/pdf/how-to-improve-long-term-immigration-projections-2nn6wlxib2.pdf

Neil Howe

Papers

How to improve long-term immigration projections