The article contains sections titled:



1.	Arsenic	
1.1.	Introduction	
1.2.	Physical Properties	
1.3.	Chemical Properties	
1.4.	Occurrence	
1.5.	Production	
1.5.1.	Production of Arsenic Trioxide	
1.5.1.1.	Ore Dressing	
1.5.1.2.	Pretreatment of Arsenical Materials	
1.5.1.2.1.	Roasting	
1.5.1.2.2.	Alternative Pretreatments of Arsenical Materials	
1.5.1.3.	Production of Refined As2O3	
1.5.2.	Production of the Metal	
1.6.	Treatment of Arsenic-Containing Byproducts	
2.	Arsenic Compounds	
2.1.	Arsenic Trioxide	
2.2.	Arsenous Acid	
2.3.	Arsenic Pentoxide	
2.4.	Arsenic Acid	
2.5.	Arsenic Sulfides	
2.6.	Arsenic Halides	
2.7.	Arsenic Hydride and Arsenides	
2.8.	Organoarsenic Compounds	
2.8.1.	Aliphatic Organoarsenic Compounds	
2.8.2.	Aromatic Organoarsenic Compounds	
3.	Uses and Economic Aspects	
4.	Stabilization of Arsenic for Safe Disposal	
5.	Recycling	
6.	Safety Measures	
7.	Toxicology

Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds

Publisher Summary The chapter provides an overview of marine arsenic research and arsenic concentrations in the various marine compartments. General chemical and analytical characteristics of the arsenic compounds of significance in marine arsenic studies are mentioned in the chapter followed by an outline of their occurrence, distribution, and biotransformation in marine samples. Workers in the area have applied different scientific disciplines to advance various aspects of the problem over the years. For example, progress in biological and biochemical studies of the uptake of arsenic by algae was made following chemical studies identifying the natural arsenic constituents of algae. Subsequent chemical synthesis of the arsenic compounds enabled toxicological assessment and further biotransformation studies to be carried out. The presence of both arsenobetaine and arsenosugars in the one organism, particularly one from such an isolated and selfcontained environment, might be taken as support for the view that arsenosugars are serving as precursors to arsenobetaine.

Arsenic and Marine Organisms

Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements

The uptake and reduction of arsenic species by marine algae

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/197/4301/329.full.pdf

Biomethylation of toxic elements in the environment

Experiments to grow Tetraselmis chuii (a marine alga) and Daphnia magna in the presence of inorganic arsenate are described. The algae incorporate arsenic rather efficiently and form a lipid-solubl...

Nestor R. Bottino

Papers

Characterization of arsenic compounds formed by Daphnia magna and Tetraselmis chuii from inorganic arsenate.