Compiler-component generators, such as lexical analyzer generators and parser generators, have long been used to facilitate the construction of compilers. A tree-manipulation language called twig has been developed to help construct efficient code generators. Twig transforms a tree-translation scheme into a code generator that combines a fast top-down tree-pattern matching algorithm with dynamic programming. Twig has been used to specify and construct code generators for several experimental compilers targeted for different machines.

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Code generation using tree matching and dynamic programming

This book focuses on novel trends in software evolution research and its relations with other emerging disciplines. Mens and Demeyer, both authorities in the field of software evolution, do not restrict themselves to the evolution of source code but also address the evolution of other, equally important software artifacts. This book is the indispensable source for researchers and professionals looking for an introduction and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art.

Software Evolution

The Instruction Set Processor Specifications (ISPS) computer description language is an evolutionary step towards the formalization of the digital design process at the higher or behavioral levels. It has been used as a design tool, which covers a wider area of application than any other hardware description language. Thus, besides simulation and synthesis of hardware, software generation program verification, and architecture evaluation and control are among the current applications based on ISPS. The range of current and contemplated application areas are proof of the usefulness of the notation and its extension mechanisms. ISPS supports a wide range of applications, rather than a wide range of design levels. Thus, this paper is divided into two parts. The first part describes the notation, its intended use, and the extension mechanisms which allow multiple applications or areas of research to co-exit and share machine descriptions. The second part describes some of the current applications for ISPS.

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Instruction set processor specifications (ISPS): The notation and its applications

Compiler structure graphs flow graph local optimization alias analysis static single assignment dominator-based optimization advanced techniques global optimization limiting resources scheduling and rescheduling register allocation object module.

Building an Optimizing Compiler

Work with compiler compilers has dealt principally with automatic generation of parsers and lexical analyzers. Until recently, little work has been done on formalizing and generating the back end of a compiler, particularly an optimizing compiler. This paper describes formalizations of machines and code generators and describes a scheme for the automatic derivation of code generators from machine descriptions. It was possible to separate all machine dependence from the code generation algorithms for a wide range of typical architectures (IBM-360, PDP-11, PDP-10, Intel 8080) while retaining good code quality. Heuristic search methods from work in artificial intelligence were found to be both fast and general enough for use in generation of code generators with the machine representation proposed. A scheme is proposed to perform as much analysis as possible at code generator generation time, resulting in a fast pattern-matching code generator. The algorithms and representations were implemented to test their practicality in use.

Automatic Derivation of Code Generators from Machine Descriptions

The PQCC experience reveals that—contrary to common practice and belief—retargetability and a high level of optimization are not incompatible.

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Papers

An Overview of the Production-Quality Compiler-Compiler Project