Increasing waste generation has become a significant challenge in developing countries due to unprecedented population growth and urbanization. From the literature, many issues have been investigated that signify direct connection with the increase in waste material generation and related difficulties to handle it in a smart city. These issues are the resultants of an improper collection and disposal mechanism used for waste material, the increase in moving trends of peoples toward big cities and lack of intelligent technology used to support the municipal solid waste management system. Consequently, the management of waste material has become a challenge due to a large amount of waste littered everywhere. Furthermore, various problems also occur due to the existing systems that are not only inadequate and inefficient but also their non-scientific procedures involved in the solid waste management. In this paper, an IoT-based smart waste bin monitoring and municipal solid waste management system is proposed. This system helps to solve the problems associated with management of waste material and the IoT-based waste collection for the smart city as discussed above. The proposed system is capable in the collection of waste effectively, detection of fire in waste material and forecasting of the future waste generation. The IoT-based device performs the controlling and monitoring of the electric bins. These devices are wirelessly connected with the central hub to transmit the information about the bins filling level with the existing location. The significant advantage of the system is to collect waste material on time in order to avoid the overflow of bins that would help in saving the environment from pollution.

IoT-Based Smart Waste Bin Monitoring and Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Smart Cities

Solid waste management during COVID-19 pandemic: Recovery techniques and responses

Environmental survival of SARS-CoV-2 - A solid waste perspective.

Long-range radio (LoRa) communication is a widespread communication protocol that offers long range transmission and low data rates with minimum power consumption. In the context of solid waste management, only a low amount of data needs to be sent to the remote server. With this advantage, we proposed architecture for designing and developing a customized sensor node and gateway based on LoRa technology for realizing the filling level of the bins with minimal energy consumption. We evaluated the energy consumption of the proposed architecture by simulating it on the Framework for LoRa (FLoRa) simulation by varying distinct fundamental parameters of LoRa communication. This paper also provides the distinct evaluation metrics of the the long-range data rate, time on-air (ToA), LoRa sensitivity, link budget, and battery life of sensor node. Finally, the paper concludes with a real-time experimental setup, where we can receive the sensor data on the cloud server with a customized sensor node and gateway.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2774/pdf

Performance Analysis of IoT and Long-Range Radio-Based Sensor Node and Gateway Architecture for Solid Waste Management.

Along with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has appeared as a serious issue. Waste management is a daily task in urban areas, which requires a large amount of labour resources and affects natural, budgetary, efficiency, and social aspects. Many approaches have been proposed to optimize waste management, such as using the nearest neighbour search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. However, the results are still too vague and cannot be applied in real systems, such as in universities or cities. Recently, there has been a trend of combining optimal waste management strategies with low-cost IoT architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel method that vigorously and efficiently achieves waste management by predicting the probability of the waste level in trash bins. By using machine learning and graph theory, the system can optimize the collection of waste with the shortest path. This article presents an investigation case implemented at the real campus of Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) to evaluate the performance and practicability of the system’s implementation. We examine data transfer on the LoRa module and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, which is implemented through a simple circuit designed with low cost, ease of use, and replace ability. Our system saves time by finding the best route in the management of waste collection.

/pdf/waste-management-system-using-iot-based-machine-learning-in-o6p0anbv1o.pdf

Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in University

Smart homes are an element of developing smart cities. In recent years, countries around the world have spared no effort in promoting smart cities. Smart homes are an interesting technological advancement that can make people’s lives much more convenient. The development of smart homes involves multiple technological aspects, which include big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and even artificial intelligence. Digital information is the main component of signal control and flow in a smart home, while information security is another important aspect. In the event of equipment failure, the task of safeguarding the system’s information is of the utmost importance. Since smart homes are automatically controlled, the problem of mobile network security must be taken seriously. To address these issues, this paper focuses on information security, big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. Security efficiency can be enhanced by using a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256), which is an authentication mechanism that, with the help of the user, can authenticate each interaction of a given device with a WebServer by using an encrypted username, password, and token. This framework could be used for an automated burglar alarm system, guest attendance monitoring, and light switches, all of which are easily integrated with any smart city base. In this way, IoT solutions can allow real-time monitoring and connection with central systems for automated burglar alarms. The monitoring framework is developed on the strength of the web application to obtain real-time display, storage, and warning functions for local or remote monitoring control. The monitoring system is stable and reliable when applying SHA-256.

/pdf/designing-efficient-smart-home-management-with-iot-smart-3s5zgt3jd2.pdf

Designing Efficient Smart Home Management with IoT Smart Lighting: A Case Study

This paper develops an optimal agricultural irrigation system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use in smart agriculture. The aim is to design and develop a control system that makes use of button sensors in a crop field with data management carried out via a web application. The three components of the system are the hardware, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, and a web application. The first component is designed and implemented as a connected control hardware box to collect crop data. The second component is a soil moisture sensor used for field monitoring, connected to the control box. Its novel feature is the moisture sensor probe designed to connect directly to the ESP8266-12F microcontroller instead of using the TLC555 IC as a traditional sensor. The final ingredient is used primarily to control crop watering via a web application, which offers the user automatic or manual control. The automatic control function uses data from the soil moisture sensor to generate a watering schedule. Comparing the two sensors' soil moisture levels reveals approximately equal accuracy even during structural analysis and real experiments. The system proposed in this work is developed in the context of promoting digital innovation in agriculture.

Design of a Soil Moisture Sensor for Application in a Smart Watering System

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver (IPTL) is a rare benign lesion characterizedby chronic infiltration of inflammotory cells and an areas of fibrosis that sometimesmimics a malignant lesion, first reported by Pack and Baker in 1953. The etiologyand pathogy still remain unknown. Clinical and laboratory features are not specific.The treatment attitude is still controversial. We report 3 cases of IPTL who weretreated surgically with preoperative diagnosis of ruptured liver abscess or a malignantliver tumor. The postoperative patient was safe and the pathological results wereinflammotory pseudotumor of the liver. Conclusion: IPTL is a benign lesion thatcan be confused with other diagnoses of the liver. The treatment of choice is stillsurgical resection, and this is especially true for patients with severe symptomsor an indeterminate diagnosis.

Nguyen Minh Trong

Papers

Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in University

Designing Efficient Smart Home Management with IoT Smart Lighting: A Case Study

Design of a Soil Moisture Sensor for Application in a Smart Watering System

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: 3 case report and literature review