basic research and clinical data in an attempt to derive a cohesive model which explains the behavioral effects of the drug. Johnson is an experimental psychologist, and his work underlies many of the chapters which suggest that lithium decreases the behavioral response to novel external stimuli. He then utilizes this foundation to propose a cognitive model for lithium's anti-manic action, its inhibition of violent impulsivity, and its prophylactic effects in recurrent depression. Previous formulations which were clinically based, such as that of Mabel Blake Cohen and her associates, stressed the primacy of depression and noted the \"manic defense\" as an attempt to ward off intolerable depression. In direct contrast, Johnson views mania as the primary disturbance in bipolar disorder. He considers depression in bipolar disease as an over-zealous homeostatic inhibitory responsf to a maniaassociated cognitive overload. Consistent with this, he believes, lit lum exerts its anti-manic effect by decreasing cognitive processing in a manner analogous to his animal studies. Johnson also suggests that lithium exerts its prophylactic effect in recurrent depressions by treating subclinical mania. These concepts are supported by the work of Johnson's associate, Kukopulos, to whom the book is dedicated. The bulk of the research which describes the cognitive disturbance in mania is complex, however, and uncomfortably open to multiple interpretations. Recognized as a preliminary effort, Johnson's formulation may help to guide further research. Although Johnson clearly traces lithium actions through a broad range of subjects, his discussion of the neurophysiological aspects of this drug is notably spotty. In particular, Johnson ignores the work of Svensson, DeMontigny, Aghajanian, and others who suggest that serotonergic systems may play an important role in the antidepressant actions of lithium. As a result, he fails to discuss one of the most important current uses of lithium: as an agent used in conjunction with antidepressant medications to increase treatment response in medication-resistant forms of depression. Lithium augmentation of antidepressant medication also challenges the formulation presented by Johnson. This formulation suggests that lithium should have no therapeutic value in patients, such as those with endogenous depression, who already \"under-process\" cognitive information. The omission of lithium augmentation in depression is clearly unfortunate in this text. Overall, this volume demonstrates the benefits of a single-authored text. It it clearly organized and readable. The bibliography is also broad and useful. In this book, Johnson primarily addresses a research audience, and his model seems designed to stimulate thought rather than to improve clinical technique. In this capacity, his book will be of most interest to behavioral psychologists. Other books, focusing purely on clinical data, may be more useful to clinicians. Nevertheless, the clear organization, the large bibliography, and the thoughtful presentation may make this text a useful addition to a clinical library as well.

The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.

Edward W. Soja, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, xviii+256 pp., indices, $24.95, ISBN 978-0-8166-6668-3 (paperback) The main argument of this book is that the spatial dimension has...

Seeking Spatial Justice

Territories, boundaries and consciousness: the changing geographies of the Finnish-Russian border

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book human territoriality its theory and history. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.

Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History

For thirty years Ben Kiernan has been deeply involved in the study of genocide and crimes against humanity. He has played a key role in unearthing confidential documentation of the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. His writings have transformed our understanding not only of twentieth-century Cambodia but also of the historical phenomenon of genocide. This new book--the first global history of genocide and extermination from ancient times--is among his most important achievements. Kiernan examines outbreaks of mass violence from the classical era to the present, focusing on worldwide colonial exterminations and twentieth-century case studies including the Armenian genocide, the Nazi Holocaust, Stalin's mass murders, and the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides. He identifies connections, patterns, and features that in nearly every case gave early warning of the catastrophe to come: racism or religious prejudice, territorial expansionism, and cults of antiquity and agrarianism. The ideologies that have motivated perpetrators of mass killings in the past persist in our new century, says Kiernan. He urges that we heed the rich historical evidence with its telltale signs for predicting and preventing future genocides.

Ben Kiernan, “Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur”

The UN has no standing military forces and borrows troops and police to create UN peacekeeping forces for deployment into emergency situations. The countries that contribute these forces retain jurisdictional control over those individuals, such that neither the UN nor the state receiving peacekeeping forces may prosecute them for alleged crimes committed while they are deployed. This paper examines spaces of violence associated with the rape of civilians by UN peacekeeping forces in Haiti. We consider how the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), by which troop-contributing countries retain jurisdiction over their troops, create legal spaces in which victims and their home countries are marginalized from legal procedure and justice. A critical legal geography perspective, and insights on the practical application of jurisdiction provide a useful lens for assessing assemblages of violence and the spatial dissonance of justice illustrated by two case studies of civilian rape by UN peacekeeping forces....

Spaces of Violence and (In)justice in Haiti: A Critical Legal Geography Perspective on Rape, UN Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Status of Forces Agreement

The ‘geopolitical where’ of genocide and mass violence has been understudied, under-theorized, and underappreciated, particularly by those outside geography We examine the study of genocide and mass violence with a critical geographic lens and propose a framework, territorial cleansing, that places such events within an idealized territorial conceptualization We define territorial cleansing as a geopolitical project consisting of processes, policies, and actions designed by an in-group to remove an Othered group from a territory, where removal may mean physical expulsion or death but may include a range of other means, including ‘removal in place’ by such measures as coerced assimilation or suppression of group identity The process begins with the in-group's formulation of an imagined place that is idealized and valorized An environment is then created that allows for the removal of the undesired element and the realization of the imagined place Once the undesirable Others are identified and 

Nicole Reiz

Papers

Spaces of Violence and (In)justice in Haiti: A Critical Legal Geography Perspective on Rape, UN Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Status of Forces Agreement

Territorial Cleansing: A Geopolitical Approach to Understanding Mass Violence

Unmaking Citizens: The Expansion of Citizenship Revocation in Response to Terrorism

Exploring a critical legal cartography: Law, practice, and complexities