Showing papers by "Nikolay V. Goncharov published in 2015"

On the enzymatic activity of albumin

Abstract: Albumin molecule, unlike molecules of many other plasma proteins, is not covered with carbohydrate shell. It plays a crucial role in maintaining of colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, and is able to bind and transport various endogenous and exogenous molecules. The enzymatic activity of albumin, the existence and the role of which most researchers are still skeptical to accept, is of the main interest to us. In this review, a history of the issue is traced, with particular attention to the esterase activity of albumin. The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of albumin with some substrates are adduced, and possibility of albumin being attributed to certain groups of Enzyme Nomenclature is considered.

Metabolomics: On the way to an integration of biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and informatics

Abstract: The review considers the development of a new science—metabolomics. The metabolome is mainly regarded as a set of primarily biochemical parameters, each of which or their ratio can serve as a potential biomarker that increases the sensitivity and/or specificity of diagnostics of diseases.

Chapter 10 – Russian VX

Abstract: Presented in this chapter are data on the principal hydrolysis products of Russian VX (RVX) with excess and equimolar quantities of water, as well as a generalized list of compounds extracted from samples of construction materials of a former RVX production facility. Toxicokinetic experiments have been conducted to determine the decrease of O-alkyl methylphosphonates in blood plasma of rats after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of RVX. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) peptide spectra obtained with commercially available human albumin incubated with RVX revealed covalent binding of RVX to Tyr411 and Tyr150. A new covalent adduct of N,N-diethyl-2-aminoethanthiol (an RVX hydrolysis product) with blood plasma proteins has been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and this can be another marker of exposure to RVX. New data on effects developed under chronic exposure of rats to RVX are presented, including kinetic parameters of blood platelet aggregation and electrophysiology of Nervus tibialis. According to these data, morphofunctional changes at the level of the microcirculatory bed may prove to be a significant factor in the etiology of delayed effects.

Chapter 16 – Fluoroacetate

Abstract: Action of fluoroacetate (FA) becomes apparent after a latent period, even after exposure to lethal doses. The best-known representative of FA is its sodium salt. There are also series of fluorinated compounds whose metabolism is connected with the formation of FA. To reveal intoxication, adequate analytical procedures, as well as unequivocal biochemical, physiological, and clinical signs of intoxication, should be described. Also, new approaches to the development of an effective therapy for treating acute intoxications by FA are highly important because after many decades of toxicological studies on FA, effective antidotes are still not available. These and other points are discussed in this chapter. Some old and new data are critically revised, together with presentation of the authors’ experimental results, the main theme of which is development of a new and effective therapy for treating acute intoxication by FA.