Safety and optimal traffic flow are important priorities in intelligent transportation systems. This paper presents a collaborative method for collision avoidance between autonomous vehicles at an unsignalized intersection. The collision conditions are expressed in terms of the vehicles' speed ratios. The problem is then formulated and solved as an optimization problem with the safety constraints represented by the speed ratios. The cost function is defined in terms of the deviation from the current speeds. Both pairwise and three vehicle formulations are discussed. The proposed formulation allows to easily scale the solution to higher number of vehicles. The method is highly effective in resolving conflicts and achieving smooth flow. The results are formally proven and illustrated using simulation.

Control of autonomous vehicles at an unsignalized intersection

In the last decades, there have been remarkable growth in the total number of vehicles around the world, and results in increase in traffic accidents rate. Several approaches have found in existing road safety vehicular system through the use of telecommunication technologies but, most of them is for improving traffic safety and focused on vehicle to vehicle communication. In this framework, an advanced communication technology is supported by intelligent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) system and fuzzy system in order to mine the specific features of data sets. Hence it provides accurate notification and severity estimation of the accident for better assistance in traffic accidents. This system reduce the response time to give alert about accident and hence will improve the overall rescue process after an accident takes place. It's an intelligent robust, cost effective system which is able to detect road accidents, notify them, and estimate their severity.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7153311/7164643/07164800.pdf

Review on: Severity estimation unit of automotive accident

The introduction of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers into cooperative collision avoidance systems (CCASs) has been hindered by difficulties in their optimization and by a lack of study of their effects on vehicle driving stability, comfort, and fuel economy. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize PID controllers using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and to better manipulate cooperative collision avoidance with other vehicles. First, we use PRESCAN and MATLAB/Simulink to conduct a united simulation, which constructs a CCAS composed of a PID controller, maneuver strategy judging modules, and a path planning module. Then we apply the improved PSO algorithm to optimize the PID controller based on the dynamic vehicle data obtained. Finally, we perform a simulation test of performance before and after the optimization of the PID controller, in which vehicles equipped with a CCAS undertake deceleration driving and steering under the two states of low speed (≤50 km/h) and high speed (≥100 km/h) cruising. The results show that the PID controller optimized using the proposed method can achieve not only the basic functions of a CCAS, but also improvements in vehicle dynamic stability, riding comfort, and fuel economy.

Using improved particle swarm optimization to tune PID controllers in cooperative collision avoidance systems

Automobile safety can be improved by anticipating a crash before it occurs and thereby providing additional time to deploy safety technologies. By this project, the goal is to design a collision avoidance system which is reliable for drivers in traffic. The purpose of the automatic collision avoidance system is to keep drivers better informed with the environment surrounding them. Primarily Ultrasonic sensors, Microcontroller, Buzzer, LCD, Motors and a set of LEDS are used to implement the design. The success of the proposed system can reduce human suffering caused by injury and death. The financial burden will be reduced because maintenance and replacements of parts of vehicle are avoided. Ideally the system should be installed in every automobile on road. The project's ultimate aim thus finalized as, one to build a general, easy-to-use and versatile system that detect obstacles other vehicles on road , and give warning to the user accordingly. Road accidents have earned India a dubious distinction. The major un-natural cause of accidental deaths in India is road accidents (34.3%).India is home to the world's largest no. of road deaths according to the world health organization's latest global road safety report with approx. 15 deaths per hour. In the last decades we witnessed a great progress in the fields of vehicle safety. For a great period of time the majority of automotive companies emphasized on developing passive safety systems, such as seatbelts, airbags, controlled deflection zones in the chassis of the car , etc. these techniques have dramatically reduced the rate of crash related injury severity and fatalities. So taking into consideration the huge loss of life and property due to road accidents vehicle collision avoidance system is a necessity in vehicles for safety. The main goal of such systems should be to prevent the accident from happening than ensure that the passengers will survive after the accident has occurred.

http://www.ijsrd.com/articles/IJSRDV3I40815.pdf

Collision Avoidance System for Vehicle Safety

An increasing number of safety features are being added to various engineering designs and processes of today and they have become the most important consideration in every design. Construction is a high-risk industry, hence the need for such systems is more pronounced. The cost of repairing damaged parts is significant due to the expensive price of construction machinery and related equipment. Based on the necessity for safety of the machinery and personnel on site, a suitable sensor system is designed and built to detect possible threats of collision with structures or people. Due to harsh operational environments, these sensors must be immune to a variety of interference and noise and must work in different weather conditions. A sensor system based on ultrasonic range-finding and infrared motion detection has been proposed which has undergone different tests to check feasibility of the design. The prototype worked as expected with some limitations which could be improved with better design and hence. Considering the low cost of the proposed system and its great economic and social benefits, the system would be a practically valuable option to be added onto existing machinery.

Sensor system to detect accidental bucket contact with structures and people

Advanced systems for driver assistance in combination with new preventive safety systems offer great potential for collision avoidance, reducing accident severity and increasing occupant protection. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a system targeting to vehicle collision avoidance in emergency situations. The proposed system provides the nearby vehicles with information about possible accident involvement. The main feature of the proposed system is the wireless communication among vehicles during normal driving in case of emergency situations. The wireless communication is originated by a vehicle in emergency state while the vehicles in range get benefit of the transmitted information. The wireless communication packet is comprised of the type of the vehicle, which originates the transmission, the description of the current situation, and the geographical position of the vehicle which is provided by a Geographical Positioning System (GPS) module. The critical issues and other technical challenges in developing these systems will be explored.

Nikos Asimopoulos

Papers

Development of a collaborative vehicle collision avoidance system