Blockchain for smart communities: Applications, challenges and opportunities

Blockchain is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Numerous cities around the world are launching blockchain initiatives as part of the overall efforts toward shaping the urban future. However, the infancy stage of the blockchain industry leads to a severe gap between the knowledge we have and the actions urban policy makers are taking. This paper is an effort to narrow this rift. We provide a systematic literature review on concrete blockchain use cases proposed by the research community. At the macro-level, we discuss and organize use cases from 159 selected papers into nine sectors recognized as crucial for sustainable and smart urban future. At the micro-level, we identify a component-based framework and analyze the design and prototypes of blockchain systems studied in a subset of 71 papers. The high-level use case review allows us to illustrate the relationship between them and the four pillars of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental, and governmental. The system level analysis helps us highlight interesting inconsistencies between well-known blockchain applicability decision rules and the approaches taken by the literature. We also offer two classification methodologies for blockchain use cases and elaborate on how they can be applied to stimulate cross-sector insights in the blockchain knowledge domain.

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/spy2.109

Adoption of blockchain technology in various realms: Opportunities and challenges

This paper presents a literature review about the application of blockchain-based systems in transportation. The main aim was to identify, through the implementation of a multi-step methodology: current research-trends, main gaps in the literature, and possible future challenges. First, a bibliometric analysis was carried out to obtain a broad overview of the topic of interest. Subsequently, the most influential contributions were analysed in depth, with reference to the following two areas: supply chain and logistics; road traffic management and smart cities. The most important result is that the blockchain technology is still in an early stage, but appears extremely promising, given its possible applications within multiple fields, such as food track and trace, regulatory compliance, smart vehicles’ security, and supply-demand matching. Much effort is still necessary for reaching the maturation stage because several models have been theorized in recent years, but very few have been implemented within real contexts. Moreover, the link blockchain-sustainability was explored, showing that this technology could be the trigger for limiting food waste, reducing exhaust gas emissions, favouring correct urban development, and, in general, improving quality of life.

https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/1/21/pdf

A Review of Blockchain-Based Systems in Transportation

The concept of Blockchain has penetrated a wide range of scientific areas, and its use is considered to rise exponentially in the near future. Executing short scripts of predefined code called smart contracts on Blockchain can eliminate the need of intermediaries and can also raise the multitude of execution of contracts. In this paper, we discuss the concept of Blockchain along with smart contracts and discuss their applicability in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in the e-healthcare domain. The paper analyses the dimensions that decentralization and the use of smart contracts will take the IoMT in e-healthcare, proposes a novel architecture, and also outlines the advantages, challenges, and future trends related to the integration of all three. The proposed architecture shows its effectiveness with average packet delivery ratio, average latency, and average energy efficiency performance parameters when compared with traditional approaches.

Blockchain based smart contracts for internet of medical things in e-healthcare

Large-scale Election Based On Blockchain

Based on the blockchain, homomorphic ElGamal encryption and ring signature, an electronic voting scheme based on blockchain is proposed for large-scale voting, which has the properties of decentralization, self-management, non-interactive and free-receipt, furthermore the one-time ring signature ensures the anonymity of the vote trading in the blockchain. The public verifiable billboards guarantee the voting fair, and the miner nodes provides ciphertext ballot counting service makes large-scale voting feasible. Finally, we analysis the security of the blockchain voting system and present the performance in large-scale nodes.

Ningxiao Lu

Papers

Large-scale Election Based On Blockchain

Large-scale Election Based On Blockchain.