Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of the economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the entrepreneurial intentions of academic students. In addition, this research examined whether the pandemic reinforces the tendency to operate new businesses or represents a barrier to the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted with a sample of university students. Risk perception and contextual variables were measured. Information was collected from 308 university students enrolled at the University of Sfax (Tunisia) who participated by responding to a structured questionnaire distributed in electronic form by email. Findings: The results show that university students perceive higher levels of personal entrepreneurial risk than other types of entrepreneurial risks (financial risk and social risk). Perceived financial risk only has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention for students who view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity. Regarding perceived contextual support, only perceived educational support has a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Research limitations/implications: The results have important practical implications for identifying entrepreneurial intentions. They indicate that universities have an essential role in providing educational support for students by implementing awareness and training programs for entrepreneurship. Furthermore, they reveal the differentiated effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the risk perceptions of participants according to their views of the crisis as a threat or as an opportunity. Originality/value: This is one of few studies that have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (positive or negative) on the entrepreneurial intention of academic students. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Entrepreneurial intention of academic students in the time of COVID-19 pandemic

Entrepreneurship is a process of universal connectivity, through which business ventures are exposed to various risks. The subject of this paper is to present research on the various aspects on topic of risk in entrepreneurship. Research has shown that the tendency among entrepreneurs to make decisions that can be risky are very common, depending on many variables, such as risk perception, attitudes towards risk taking and willingness to take risks. And in the end it was pointed out that the following characteristics of entrepreneurs are essential for determination of risk preferences: size, length and type of business, the amount of profits of start-up funding, funding sources, number of employees and the like.

Aspects of Entrepreneurial Risk

Development of the entrepreneurial sector requires information on the current risk levels in economy. The paper deals with three levels of entrepreneurial risk: acceptable, critical and catastrophic. The research aim is to assess the values of entrepreneurial risk that has been existing in recent years in aggregates of small and medium enterprises, formed by size and industry characteristics. Risk evaluation was made on the base of official statistics, characterize activity of all medium enterprises, small enterprises and microenterprises situated in Russia in 2015 and 2016. The paper presents the results of risk assessment for a set of medium enterprises, small enterprises and microenterprises in the Russian economy. From the results of the study it has been concluded that there is a significant differentiation of entrepreneurial risk levels by the types of economic activity. The industries with the maximum and minimum values of the existing entrepreneurial risks have been determined. The research outcomes can be used by entrepreneurs including beginners; federal, regional and municipal departments' authorities related to the regulation of entrepreneurial activity; financial and credit, insurance, leasing organizations.

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Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Risk Level as Social Process in the Russian Economy

Identifying risks is essential to ensure the efficiency of activities of small and medium-sized enterprises who are most exposed to the effects of risks due to limited resources and their structural features. The purpose of this study was to define the levels of entrepreneurial risk prevailing in recent years in Russian micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. The study used data from the official statistical collection of activities of all Russian enterprises for the period 2015 to 2017, representing 82 Russian regions and thirteen types of economic activity. The highest level of acceptable entrepreneurial risk was observed in the trade industry. The highest level of critical entrepreneurial risk was observed in enterprises specializing in the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, and in mining. The highest level of catastrophic risk was observed in enterprises specializing in building and construction, transport and communications, and in wholesale and retail trade. These results could be of interest to entrepreneurs when choosing the type of sectors to engage in, and to policymakers in supporting enterprises in particular economic sectors of Russia. This paper aims to contribute to the scholarly debate on the establishment of levels of entrepreneurial risk.

https://cibg.org.au/article_1205_5ebd1fc40504137cbe0f2f903c754a70.pdf

Estimating entrepreneurial risk in Russian small and medium-sized enterprises

The aim of this paper is to further elaborate on the concept of entrepreneurship and the possibility of its development in the Republic of Serbia. Namely, Serbia is a country aiming at further improving its economic situation, and is investing all its efforts into providing necessary conditions for entrepreneurship development. That could be achieved through five crucial pillars related to financial support, personnel support, finance and taxation, achievement of competitive advantage in export markets, as well as the legal, institutional and business environment.

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Entrepreneurship development in the republic of serbia

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Aspects of entrepreneurial risk

This study presents a financial analysis of companies undergoing the process of privatization in the Republic of Serbia (RS). A total of 182 of such companies were examined and compared to an equal number of randomly chosen companies of comparable size. The results revealed a significant gap between the financial performances of the two samples. For that reason, the companies undergoing privatization need to undergo radical changes for the purpose of achieving a higher level of profitability and preventing further losses. Given that these companies pose a significant challenge for the Serbian economy, the author believes that this study will serve as a reference for further research. In addition, this manuscript shall present the comparative analysis of the total net loss of the observed companies and the gross domestic product of the RS, as well as between the corresponding number of employees for the year 2013.

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Financial analysis of Serbian companies undergoing privatization

Serbian Abstract: Mala i srednja preduzeca predstavljaju tradicionalan nacin poslovanja koji nudi brojne prednosti, poput poboljsane stope zaposlenosti nisko i visoko kvalifikovane radne snage, u smislu trajne uposlenosti, brži ukupni rast i razvoj samog sektora sa dinamicnijom transformacijom ka ravnomernijem lokalnom i regionalnom razvoju. Na osnovu statistickih podataka Privredne komore Republike Srbije (PKRS) evidentno je da tokom 2013. godine od ukupnog broja pravnih lica u privredi Republike, 99,8% odlazi na mala i srednja preduzeca, s obzirom da ona cine 34% BDP, i ucestvuju sa 44,5% u ukupnom izvozu i sa 66,5% u ukupnom broju zaposlenih. Međutim, mala i srednja preduzeca (MSP) su suocena sa brojnim problemima koji su prouzrokovani ekonomskom krizom, a koje bi trebalo prevazici Nacionalnom strategijom.English Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) represent the traditional way of doing business, which offers numerous advantages such as improved employment rates of the low and highly skilled workforce, in terms of permanent employment, faster overall growth and development of the sector with a more dynamic transformation towards a more balanced local and regional development. According to statistics of the Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Serbia (SCRS) for the year 2013, it can be observed that out of the total number of legal entities of the entire Serbian economy, 99,8% goes to SME, as they account for 34% of GDP, 44,5% of total exports and 66,5% of the total number of employees. However, SME face numerous problems triggered by the economic crisis that could be overcome by the National Strategy.

Opstanak malih i srednjih preduzeća u uslovima otežanog privređivanja (The Survival of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Difficult Business Conditions)

Nino Veskovic

Papers

Aspects of Entrepreneurial Risk

Aspects of entrepreneurial risk

Entrepreneurship development in the republic of serbia

Financial analysis of Serbian companies undergoing privatization

Opstanak malih i srednjih preduzeća u uslovima otežanog privređivanja (The Survival of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Difficult Business Conditions)